As an important branch of the composite materials field, natural fiberreinforced polymer composites have been studied for decades. Natural fibers are originated from several sources such as cotton, nut, shells, bagasse, corncobs, bamboo, and vegetable. This work aims to discuss the different surface modification techniques of bagasse fibers including alkaline, silane, acetylation, and benzoylation treatments. The chapter also deals with the discussion on processing techniques of bagasse fiber-reinforced composite manufacturing and its mechanical and morphological properties. It also covers advantages of bagasse fiber reinforcement in composites and future trends and applications.