Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

Liu, Fu; Chen, Yao; Gao, Jianmin

doi:10.15376/biores.12.3.6545-6557

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The synthesis of graphene from renewable and abundant biomass feedstocks using simple pyrolysis reactions has therefore been proposed and is regarded as a promising route, especially considering the unique polymeric structure of lignin, which is comprised of aromatic rings and condensed linkages and shows great similarity to the hexagonal structure of graphene, which makes it an excellent precursor for producing graphene and graphene‐like materials . Some valuable studies on graphene and graphene‐like carbon materials derived from biomass lignin have been reported . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three typical synthesis routes from lignin to graphene, including: (i) Catalytic graphitization with transitional metals/metal salt catalysts; (ii) direct carbonization in an inert atmosphere; and (iii) a two‐step route involving oxidative cleavage and aromatic refusion . Among these, catalytic graphitization is the most widely used synthesis route for lignin‐derived graphene materials.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former is based on the solubility of carbon in metal under controlled temperatures, whereas the latter is affected by the thermal stability of metal carbides. Based on these two mechanisms, the synthesis of graphene from Fe‐catalyzed lignin was demonstrated to involve two processes of the precipitation and dissolution of C atoms, and the formation and decomposition of iron carbide according to the following equations:

F e + 3 C \to F e_{3} C

F e_{3} C \to F e + 3C

…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Electrode and electrolyte materials with higher performance, longer life, and lower cost need to be developed, given the substantial growing demand for advanced electrochemical energy systems. Lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer, has been successfully demonstrated to be a viable precursor or feedstock for the preparation of high-performance electrochemical energy materials and components such as electrodes, electrolyte additives, membrane separators, and binders. Moreover, techno-economic analyses indicate that it is possible to prepare cost-effective carbon structures from lignin at engineering scale, in contrast with current carbon products. These facts suggest that the scalable conversion of lignin into high-value energy materials will offer a promising pathway to not only promote the utilization and valorization of lignin but also boost the development of advanced electrochemical energy systems. This review examines cutting-edge renewable energy materials derived from various lignin compounds and Review: Lignin to energy materials X Wu et al.their applications in electrochemical energy systems with an emphasis on supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells. Meanwhile, this review also aims to carve out the critical barriers for lignin-derived high-performance materials for energy applications, and to identify viable approaches for the synthesis of sustainable new energy materials.

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Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

F e + 3 C \to F e_{3} C

F e_{3} C \to F e + 3C

…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Lignin‐derived Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…At present, it is crucial to realize the comprehensive utilization of biomass for the development of the LIBs system [5,6,7,8,9]. In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy technology, it is a trend to prepare carbonaceous LIBs anode materials using biomass as raw materials [9,10,11,12,13]. As a kind of farmland waste, corn straw is a kind of non-pollution renewable resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cellulose-Derived Carbon Nanospheres from Corn Straw as Anode Materials for Lithium ion Batteries

Wang

Song

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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As a most attractive renewable resource, biomass has the advantages of low pollution, wide distribution and abundant resources, promoting its applications in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, cellulose-derived carbon nanospheres (CCS) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) from corn straw for use as an anode in LIBs. The uniform distribution and cross-linked structure of carbon nanospheres were obtained by carefully controlling reaction time, which could not only decrease the transport pathway of lithium ions, but also reduce the structural damage caused by the intercalation of lithium ions. Especially, obtained after hydrothermal carbonization for 36 h, those typical characteristics make it deliver excellent cycling stability as well as the notable specific capacity of 577 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2C. Hence, this efficient and environment-friendly method for the fabrication of CCS from corn straw could realize the secondary utilization of biomass waste, as well as serve as a new choice for LIBs anode materials.

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“…To deal with the global environmental and ecological problems, biomass (particularly the waste from the agriculture and forest industries), is the best way to replace coal, petroleum, and natural gas as both the energy fuel and raw materials of the chemical and material industries [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Lignin is the second largest renewable biomass material in the natural world and has been used in the fabrication of graphene by several authors [ 39 , 40 ]. In this study, the green and sustainable biomass material, lignin, is used to prepare the graphene microcrystal, a type of glassy carbon, in which the nanoscale graphene fragments are chemically bonded by sp 3 carbon atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Microcrystal Prepared from Lignin Refined from Sugarcane Bagasse

Tang

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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Graphene microcrystal (GMC) is a type of glassy carbon fabricated from lignin, in which the microcrystals of graphene are chemically bonded by sp3 carbon atoms, forming a glass-like microcrystal structure. The lignin is refined from sugarcane bagasse using an ethanol-based organosolv technique which is used for the fabrication of GMC by two technical schemes: The pyrolysis reaction of lignin in a tubular furnace at atmospheric pressure; and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignin at lower temperature, followed by pyrolysis at higher temperature. The existence of graphene nanofragments in GMC is proven by Raman spectra and XRD patterns; the ratio of sp2 carbon atoms to sp3 carbon atoms is demonstrated by XPS spectra; and the microcrystal structure is observed in the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. Temperature and pressure have an important impact on the quality of GMC samples. With the elevation of temperature, the fraction of carbon increases, while the fraction of oxygen decreases, and the ratio of sp2 to sp3 carbon atoms increases. In contrast to the pyrolysis techniques, the HTC technique needs lower temperatures because of the high vapor pressure of water. In general, with the help of biorefinery, the biomass material, lignin, is found to be qualified and sustainable material for the manufacture of GMC. Lignin acts as a renewable substitute for the traditional raw materials of glassy carbon, copolymer resins of phenol formaldehyde, and furfuryl alcohol-phenol.

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Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems

Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cellulose-Derived Carbon Nanospheres from Corn Straw as Anode Materials for Lithium ion Batteries

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Microcrystal Prepared from Lignin Refined from Sugarcane Bagasse

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