Preparation and characterization of biotinylated and enzyme‐immobilized heterobifunctional latex particles as nanobio devices

Abstract

A novel biotinylated and enzyme-immobilized nanobio device was prepared with heterobifunctional composite latex particles. Hemispherical poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene)/polystyrene [P(GMA-DVB)/PSt] particles with epoxy and hydroxyl groups were prepared by soap-free seeded emulsion polymerization with P(GMA-DVB) seed particles. Hydroxyl groups were introduced to PSt chain terminals in the seeded stage by adding 2-mercaptoethanol as a chain-transfer agent. To obtain the desired hemispherical structure particles, we studied the effects of the preswelling process, the type and amount of solvents added in the seeded polymerization step, the weight ratio of the secondary monomer (styrene) to the seed particle (M/P), and the type of initiators. Under suitable conditions, heterobifunctional P(GMA-DVB)/PSt was obtained, which was confirmed by observing the binding of streptavidin-colloidal gold with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To obtain biotinylated and enzymeimmobilized particles, 5-(N-succinimidyloxycarbonyl)pentyl D-biotinamide was first reacted with the hydroxyl group on the PSt domain of the particle. Pyruvate kinase (PK) was then directly immobilized to the biotinylated particles through a reaction with the epoxy group in the PGMA domain. The monolayer of PK on the latex particle surface was considered to be formed by covalent binding. The activity of immobilized PK was almost conserved, even after being stored at 4°C for 48 days.

Thermoresponsive Behavior of Mixtures of Epoxy Functionalized Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Copolymers

“…One of those monomers that can be use with this purpose is glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). In fact, GMA-based polymers are particularly attractive because of their reactive oxirane pendant groups, which provide a large number of subsequent reactions, offering a variety of opportunities for chemical modification, [34][35][36][37] and potential in biomedical applications such as the immobilisation of antibody fragments. [38] Taking all these facts into account, the first aim of the present work was to synthesise and to study the thermoresponsiveness in aqueous solution of diblock copolymer formed by a large segment of P(OEG x MA)s, which will allow control over the LCST, and a short segment of GMA, which could be susceptible to postmodification.…”

Synthesis of well‐defined glycidyl methacrylate based block copolymers with self‐activation and self‐initiation behaviors via ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization

“…Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) or PGMA‐based polymers are particularly attractive because of their reactive pendant oxirane rings, which provides a large number of subsequent reactions, offering a variety of opportunity for chemical modification of the parent polymers 1–15. For example, these polymers were readily employed for the thermosetting adhesives with excellent heat resistance,1, 2 semiconductor device packaging with excellent reduced flow cracking,3 and adhesives for leather‐to‐leather or leather‐to‐rubber binding and antireflective coatings 4–6.…”

Aggregation of biotinylated polymeric microspheres induced by interaction with avidin

“…The preparation of biotinylated particles is a basic and important component in such a system. Many biotinylation reagents have been employed to synthesize desired biotinylated particles, such as NHS-biotin analogs [11,31,35,36]. We report here the preparation of biotinylated polymeric microspheres and the formation of aggregates upon their interaction with avidin.…”