Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers from cotton fibres by controlled microbial hydrolysis

Satyamurthy, Prasad; Jain, Prateek; Balasubramanya, R. H.; Vigneshwaran, N.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.029

Cited by 254 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The peak at 2θ= 16 o , 22.5 o and 36 o is correspond to cellulose I region for all samples. This is supported by Rosa et al [10] and Satyamurthy et al [13] The crystallinity index was determined for various samples and the results are summarized in Table 2. The crystallinity values of treated RH with 2M HNO 3 is 63.9% which is higher compared to others.…”

Section: Percentage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 57%

Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Rice Husk (RH)

Ahmad

Roziaizan

Rahman

et al. 2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from local agricultural residues, rice husk (RH). RH undergone alkaline, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments. Nitric acid was used in the hydrolysis process as a potential acid to replace strong acids such as hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. Hydrolysis of RH was carried out by using different molarity of nitric and hydrochloric acids (control). The properties of MCC obtained such as % yield, crystallinity index (CrI) and functional group present were studied. % yield shown a comparable result regardless of different acid used. Whilst Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity increased with successive treatments regardless different molarity and acids used. The results showed potential of nitric acid to be used in MCC isolation process.

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Section: Percentage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 57%

Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Rice Husk (RH)

Ahmad

Roziaizan

Rahman

et al. 2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…2e and f. The diameters of BCNW were several nanometer to dozens of nanometer, the length presented hundreds of nanometer, and the length to diameter (L/D) ratio were large. BCNWs with similar appearances were obtained with 55 wt% sulfuric acid for 4 h or 65 wt% sulfuric acid for 3 h. Interestingly, rod-like shapes and network-like BCNW structures were observed, which is different from those derived from jute (Kasyapi et al 2013), coconut husk (Fahma et al 2010), rice husk (Rosa et al 2012), and cotton (Satyamurthy et al 2011). It can possibly be attributed to the fibrillation of CNW, which occurred in the nanocellulose prepared with a homogenizer.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 76%

Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Moso Bamboo Residues: Extraction and Characterization

2016

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To take full advantage of moso bamboo processing waste, bamboo cellulose nanowhiskers were isolated from bamboo residues using sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Changes in bamboo cellulose at different stages of processing, as well as the roles of acid concentrations (55 wt% and 65 wt%) and hydrolysis times (1 h to 5 h) on the characteristics of nanowhiskers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (TGA-FTIR), synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), composition analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Both rod-like and network-like nanowhiskers were observed. Alkaline pretreatment removed impurities and part of the hemicellulose. Cellulose content increased to nearly 85%, and specific surface area improved as well after bleaching. Nanowhiskers had an average length of 455 nm, diameter of 12 nm, and an aspect ratio of about 37. Cellulose I was the dominant composition in bamboo cellulose; the transformation of cellulose Iα to cellulose Iβ was observed. Nanowhiskers presented greater crystallinity and crystallite size than those of cellulose without hydrolysis, but lower thermal stability. These bionanowhiskers might be used as reinforcements in nanocomposites.

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“…4), since the chemical nature of starch and cellulose is mostly similar, many of the characteristic peaks overlap and hence distinction is difficult. The characteristic peaks for cellulose (Oh et al 2005;Satyamurthy et al 2011) are the hydrogen-bonded stretching at 3,299 cm -1 , the OH bending of the adsorbed water at 1,644 cm -1 , the CH stretching at 2,921 cm -1 , the HCH and OCH in-plane bending vibrations at 1,430 cm -1 , the CH deformation vibration at 1,373 cm -1 , the COC, CCO, and CCH deformation modes and stretching vibrations in which the motions of the C-5 and C-6 atoms are at 850 cm -1 , and the C-OH out-of-plane bending mode around 670 cm -1 . These characteristics peaks for nanocellulose overlap with that of starch and hence a clear distinction was not observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gum arabic on distribution behavior of nanocellulose fillers in starch film

Vigneshwaran

Ammayappan

2011

Appl Nanosci

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Uniform distribution of nanofillers in polymer matrix is posing a major challenge in exploiting the full potential of nanomaterials. Various fillers are being evaluated to improve the performance of biopolymer films like starch. In this work, nanocellulose is used as fillers to increase the performance characteristics of starch film. Due to high surface energy and hydrophilic nature of nanocellulose, they tend to aggregate during the film forming process. To circumvent this problem, Gum arabic (GA) was added to distribute the nanocellulose uniformly. GA helps in reduction of surface energy (as analyzed by contact angle) and thus facilitates the uniform distribution of nanocellulose (as demonstrated through polarized light microscopy). Nanocellulose as filler improved the tensile strength of starch film by 2.5 times while that of uniformly distributed nanocellulose by 3.5 times. Moreover, while nanocellulose as such could reduce the water vapor permeability of starch film by 1.4 times, uniformly distributed nanocellulose reduced it by 2 times proving the importance of GA. Starch film filled with nanocellulose and GA will be a 100% biopolymer-based system having potential demand in eco-friendly applications.

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Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers from cotton fibres by controlled microbial hydrolysis

Cited by 254 publications

References 39 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Rice Husk (RH)

Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Rice Husk (RH)

Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Moso Bamboo Residues: Extraction and Characterization

Effect of Gum arabic on distribution behavior of nanocellulose fillers in starch film

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