Preparation and characterization of chemical gradient surfaces and their application for the study of cellular interaction phenomena

Ruardy, TG; Schakenraad, Jm; Mei, van der Henny C.; Busscher, Henk J.

doi:10.1016/s0167-5729(97)00008-3

Cited by 169 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Whilst many studies have focused on the engineering of surfaces to mimic nature and on the effects of topography and chemistry, the mechanisms involving the simultaneous effects of both chemical and topographical modification on wettability are not completely understood [17]. However, with further research directed towards this area, applications in biodevices and microfluidic systems stand to benefit from fabrication schemes involving methods for tailoring wettability on surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control over wettability via surface modification of porous gradients

Khung

Cole

McInnes

et al. 2007

BioMEMS and Nanotechnology III

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have favoured the preparation of surfaces with a continuously varying chemical composition along one direction or dimension on the surface [17,18]. The chemical gradient systems produce surfaces with varying properties in wettability, polymer thickness and other physicochemical aspects across one dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control over wettability via surface modification of porous gradients

Khung

Cole

McInnes

et al. 2007

BioMEMS and Nanotechnology III

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“…Protein gradients have also been incapsulated in a microporous gel by creating a linear gradient in a mold before gelation (Kapur and Shoichet, 2004). There are many approaches for producing gradients on surfaces (Kramer et al, 2004;Ruardy et al, 1997) and recently an elegant method for generating complex gradient shapes in solution and on surfaces using micro fluidics has been demonstrated (Dertinger et al, 2001), but these technologies are not suitable for investigating many biological processes that occur in three-dimensional environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating controlled molecular gradients in 3D gels

Rosoff

McAllister

Esrick

et al. 2005

Biotech & Bioengineering

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A new method for producing molecular gradients of arbitrary shape in thin three dimensional gels is described. Patterns are produced on the surface of the gel by printing with a micropump that dispenses small droplets of solution at controlled rates. The molecules in the solution rapidly diffuse into the gel and create a smooth concentration profile that is independent of depth. The pattern is relatively stable for long times, and its evolution can be accurately described by finite element modeling of the diffusion equation. As a demonstration of the method, direct measurements of protein gradients are performed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. A complementary technique for measuring diffusion coefficients is also presented. This rapid, flexible, contactless approach to gradient generation is ideally suited for cell culture experiments to investigate the role of gradients of diffusible substances in processes such as chemotaxis, morphogenesis, and pattern formation, as well as for high-throughput screening of system responses to a wide range of chemical concentrations.

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“…There are several ways to produce SAM gradients in the literature [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Soft X-rays [64] can be used by varying the exposure across the sample.…”

Section: Molecular Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soft X-rays [64] can be used by varying the exposure across the sample. Alternatively, gradients can be made by; producing a temperature gradient across that in turn affects the adsorption kinetics [65], by diffusion methods [66][67][68][69][70][71], by contact printing gradients [72], or by using deep UV/Ozone and a variable density filter on silane SAMs [73,74]. In the latter case, a SAM is formed on a substrate and is exposed through a gradient density filter.…”

Section: Molecular Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-deprotection patterning of self-assembled monolayers

Critchley

Ducker

Bramble

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Photo-deprotectable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide a versatile platform for creating functional patterned surfaces. In this study, we present nanoscale photo-patterning, multi-component patterning, and a method for producing molecular gradients using photodeprotectable SAMs. Nanoscale patterning of photo-deprotectable SAMs was achieved by coupling a UV laser (365 nm) through a scanning near field probe to produce nanoscale lines of $40 nm, i.e. /9. Multi-component patterning was achieved by a two-stage method combining both microcontact printing and soft-UV photo-patterning. The example demonstrated in this study produced a three-component patterned surface with regions of CF 3 , CH 3 and COOH/ CF 3 functionality. The versatility of these photocleavable SAMs is further demonstrated by creating linear molecular gradients of two functionalities along a distance of $25 mm. The use of 'soft' UV gives several advantages including the ability to pattern SAMs with micron-scale features over large areas quickly, with greater control over the photochemical reactions, and compatibility with existing lithographic facilities thus offering an effective alternative to other patterning methods such microcontact-printing or deep UV patterning.

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Preparation and characterization of chemical gradient surfaces and their application for the study of cellular interaction phenomena

Cited by 169 publications

References 117 publications

Control over wettability via surface modification of porous gradients

Control over wettability via surface modification of porous gradients

Generating controlled molecular gradients in 3D gels

Photo-deprotection patterning of self-assembled monolayers

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