Preparation and characterization of colloidal carbon sphere/rigid polyurethane foam composites

Abstract

Sucrose decomposed under hydrothermal conditions, generating colloidal carbon spheres (CCSs) with a perfectly spherical morphology. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the main component of the CCSs was disordered carbon, and massive hydroxyl groups existed on the surface, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CCSs were first introduced into polyurethane foams (PUFs), and CCS‐reinforced PUF (PUF/CCS) composites were synthesized. The introduction of CCSs did not increase the viscosity of polyol/CCS blends significantly. The good dispersion of CCSs and the compatibility between CCSs and polyurethane were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy measurements. The results of mechanical testing showed that PUF/CCS composites exhibited greatly improved mechanical properties in comparison with neat PUFs, and this could be ascribed to the finer cell structure of the PUF/CCS composites, which was inspected with scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the effects of CCSs on the thermal stability of the foams were slight. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

Carbon silica composites for sulfur dioxide and ammonia adsorption

“…Also apparent during analysis of this CSC-1 sample were carbon spheres ranging from 500 nm to 1 micron in diameter. These spheres, shown in image c alongside the aligned CSC-S cylindrical pores, are similar to those found by Zhuang and Yang [25] in their low temperature carbon synthesis, and are structures forming around carbon filled MCM-41 pores.…”

“…Peng et al [24] synthesized mesoporous carbonaceous materials at carbonization temperatures ranging from 400 to 600°C. Zhuang and Yang [25] successfully produced carbonaceous spheres from aqueous sucrose solutions carbonized under high pressure at 175°C. Zheng et al [26] produced CMK-3 type materials by taking advantage of low temperature carbonization of sucrose in ethanol at 200°C in a high pressure reactor.…”

Support Effect on the Structure and Properties of Manganese Oxide Electrode Materials

“…Recently, many attempts have been made to produce spherical carbon by hydrothermal synthesis using carbohydrate, such as glucose, sucrose and fructose. [16][17][18] As an example, the carbon spheres using glucose by hydrothermal was synthesized at 160-250 °C. During reaction process, the polymerization reaction and cross-linking reaction of glucose occurred and formed polymers intermediates, and then from here to the carbonaceous.…”

“…17 The prepared carbon spheres surface have many oxygen group (mainly -OH and -C=O), benefited these groups, carbon spheres can be used as supports, loaded with metals and metal oxides, especially for transition metal oxides/ carbon spheres as supercapacitor electrodes. 19,20 Generally, the preparation methods of manganese oxides/carbon composite electrodes were focused on depositing manganese oxides onto carbon substrates by using a variety of approaches, including physical mixing of the components, 21 thermal decomposition, 22 chemical deposition using precursors such as permanganate 23 and electrochemical deposition. 24 In comparison with other preparation methods, chemical deposition could possibly maintain the porous structure of carbon substrates in preparation process, meanwhile high manganese oxides loading were achieved to ensure excellent electrochemical performance.…”

Pulverized polyurethane foam particles reinforced rigid polyurethane foam and phenolic foam

“…Polyurethane foam (PUF) synthesized from polyol and polyisocyanate exhibits excellent properties such as heat insulation, sound absorption, shock proof, good mechanical properties, simple process, low density, low weight, etc. Thus, it is widely used in construction, transportation, military, and other manufactories . As per Research and Markets, the global consumption of polyurethanes was estimated at 13,650.00 kilo tons in 2010 and expected to reach 17,946.20 kilo tons by 2016 and the service life of PUF is 5–10 years based on the application environment.…”