Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing

Chen, Xinyi; Xi, Xuedong; Pizzi, A.; Fredon, Emmanuel; Zhou, Xiaojian; Li, Jinxing; Gérardin, Christine; Du, Guanben

doi:10.3390/polym12040750

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…A few types of ambient temperature, or even moderate temperature, self-blowing foams derived by mostly biosourced raw materials have been described in the literature. These have been based either on the self-blowing reaction of tannins with furfuryl alcohol, these being the older types [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], or on mono-and disaccharides non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], or on tannin-based NIPUs [ 10 ], or even on tannin–monosaccharide NIPUs [ 11 ], or on mixtures of these strategies of approach. The emphasis here is on ambient temperature self-blowing, the use of temperature to obtain foams being less attractive for a certain number and types of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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Ambient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curing, while interconnected-cell foams were prepared at 80 °C and curing, this being due to the more vigorous evaporation of the solvent. These foams appear to present similar characteristics as other tannin–furanic foams based only on furfuryl alcohol. A series of tannin–humins–furfuryl alcohol oligomer structures have been defined indicating that all three reagents co-react. Humins appeared to react well with condensed tannins, even higher molecular weight humins species, and even at ambient temperature, but they react slower than furfuryl alcohol. This is due to their high average molecular weight and high viscosity, causing their reaction with other species to be diffusion controlled. Thus, small increases in solvent led to foams with less cracks and open structures. It showed that furfuryl alcohol appears to also have a role as a humins solvent, and not just as a co-reagent and self-polymerization heat generator for foam expansion and hardening. Stress-strain for the different foams showed a higher compressive strength for both the foam with the lowest and the highest proportion of humins, thus in the dominant proportions of either furfuryl alcohol or the humins. Thus, due to their slower reactivity as their proportion increases to a certain critical level, more of them do proportionally participate within the expansion/curing time of the foam to the reaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, the third degradation stage showing a large weight loss can occur in the 400-600℃ range, is due to the degradation of the cured adhesive skeleton. Some more stable chemical bonds, such as C-C and C-O, are cleaved within this temperature range [34][35][36] . Remarkably, the degradation temperature peak shifts to a higher value, while the weight loss rate shifts to smaller value with the increase in GDE.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is now used to determine the tannin oligomers formed and their distribution [36,44,45] . As we all known, there are four typical oligomers, which are shown in Figure 6, i.e.…”

Section: Maldi-tof Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of a novel type of tannin-based wood adhesive

Chen

Pizzi

Fredon

et al. 2020

The Journal of Adhesion

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A novel biomass-based wood adhesive was prepared with commercial Mimosa tannin extract and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) by convenient mechanical mixing. GDE served as the crosslinker of the tannin without any aldehyde addition yielding hardened three-dimensional networks. Different weight ratios of tannin/GDE were investigated by a number of techniques to determine their influence on final properties. The results showed that a non-hydrolysable ester bonds can be formed between the epoxy groups of GDE and hydroxyl groups of tannin, this being the critical factor for the good water resistance obtained by the wood adhesives prepared. Moreover, the dry and wet shear strength exhibit positive correlation with the proportion of GDE added. Even at a relatively small proportion of GDE (33% of the weight of dry tannin), the dry and 24 h cold water shear strengths of the bonded plywood satisfied the requirements of relevant standard (GB/T 9846-2015, ≥0.7 MPa). The thermal stability of the tannin-based wood adhesive so prepared progressively improved with the increasing proportion of GDE.

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“…Due to all these application areas, tannins are significant "green" biochemicals that have attracted the interest of many researchers [30,[32][33][34]. Pine and Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark tannins have been used to produce bio-based foams and glucose-based nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams [19,[35][36][37][38]. In another study, condensed tannins were extracted from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) barks to produce polyurethane foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application

Aristri

Iswanto

Fatriasari

et al. 2021

Forests

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Tannins are soluble, astringent secondary phenolic metabolites generally obtained from renewable natural resources, and can be found in many plant parts, such as fruits, stems, leaves, seeds, roots, buds, and tree barks, where they have a protective function against bacterial, fungal, and insect attacks. In general, tannins can be extracted using hot water or organic solvents from the bark, leaves, and stems of plants. Industrially, tannins are applied to produce adhesives, wood coatings, and other applications in the wood and polymer industries. In addition, tannins can also be used as a renewable and environmentally friendly material to manufacture bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of isocyanates used in their manufacture. Tannin-based bio-PUs can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers used in the automotive, wood, and construction industries. The various uses of tannins need to be put into perspective with regards to possible further advances and future potential for value-added applications. Tannins are employed in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of leather and wood adhesives, accounting for almost 90% of the global commercial tannin output. The shortage of natural resources, as well as the growing environmental concerns related to the reduction of harmful emissions of formaldehyde or isocyanates used in the production of polyurethanes, have driven the industrial and academic interest towards the development of tannin-based bio-PUs as sustainable alternative materials with satisfactory characteristics. The aim of the present review is to comprehensively summarize the current state of research in the field of development, characterization, and application of tannin-derived, bio-based polyurethane resins. The successful synthesis process of the tannin-based bio-PUs was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses.

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Preparation and Characterization of Condensed Tannin Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Rigid Foams by Ambient Temperature Blowing

Cited by 49 publications

References 64 publications

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Preparation and properties of a novel type of tannin-based wood adhesive

Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application

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