“…2θ = 32.51, 35.54, 38.71, 48.72, 53.49, 58.26, 61.52, 65.81, 66.22, there are sharp characteristic diffraction peaks with large intensity, which correspond to crystal planes (110), (111−), (111), (202−), (020), (202), (113−), (022), and (311−), respectively, and the cell constants a, b, c are 0.4688, 0.3423, and 0.5132 nm, respectively, which is consistent with the standard diffraction pattern PDF # 48–1548, that is, CuO species with monoclinic structure. 33 Meanwhile, no peaks of other phases or impurities are observed in the XRD patterns, indicating that the product has good crystallinity, complete crystal structure, and high purity. In addition, the five diffraction peaks also reveal significant broadening, indicating that each product contains very small crystal structures, i.e.…”