We explored the use
of salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives
5-formylsalicylic acid (FSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) as organic
additives to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in synthesizing
gold nanorods (AuNRs) followed by palladium (Pd) capping at the ends
of AuNRs. In the AuNR synthesis step, SA family additives in the presence
of low concentration of CTAB (50 mM) serve as both the prereducing
agent and the cofactor in nanorod growth. At an optimum additive/CTAB
ratio (0.1–0.2), AuNRs grow to the longest length. At low additive
concentrations, the gold seeds do not grow. At high concentrations,
the longitudinal growth of AuNRs is disrupted because the excessive
additive disturbs the ligand structure, leading to more isotropic
growth. In the Pd overgrowth step, Pd starts to grow from both ends
for AuNRs synthesized at optimum additive/CTAB ratios. Feeding more
Pd grows the particles into a core–shell structure, possibly
because there lacks a tight ligand layer on Pd that favors the longitudinal
growth. For AuNRs synthesized at high additive/CTAB ratios, Pd growth
loses preference, showing randomized Pd nucleation on AuNR surface.
Finally, the palladium-end-capped–AuNRs’ catalytic activity
was tested using the resazurin reduction reaction. This study shows
a new way to produce controllable deposition of Pd on AuNRs.