Preparation and characterization of electronically conducting polypyrrole-montmorillonite nanocomposite and its potential application as a cathode material for oxygen reduction

Rajapakse, R.M.G.; Murakami, Kenji; Bandara, H.M.N.; Rajapakse, R. G. A. S.; Velauthamurti, K.; Wijeratne, Salinda

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.015

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…MMT is a good catalyst due to its structural arrangement in gas trapping and better binding properties (Senarathna et al, 2016). Hence, MMT conducting polymer (CP) composites have been used as catalyst for ORR and there are several publications reporting their activities towards ORR (Rajapakse et al, 2010;Senarathna et al, 2016).…”

Section: December 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver montmorillonite conducting polymer composite materials as low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts

Senarathna

Rajapakse

2019

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Throughout the globe, researchers are in quest of electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in order to develop cathode materials for fuel cells (FCs). Although the anodic half-reactions of FCs are fast enough for oxidation of any fuel on cheap catalysts, ORR at the cathode is a slow process even with expensive platinum-based catalysts. Development of low-cost electro-catalysts with reasonably fast kinetics for (ORR) is desirable if fuel cell power is to be utilised in practice. The present study is based on the preparation and characterisation of silver-based electro-catalysts towards ORR. Simple chemical processes were developed to prepare three different electronically conducting nano-composites. Aniline, pyrrole or 3,4-ethyldioxythiophene (EDOT) in between the layer space of silver [Ag (I)] ion exchanged montmorillonite (MMT) undergoes spontaneous polymerisation. During the polymerisation process, Ag(I) cations are reduced to form metallic silver, while aniline, pyrrole or EDOT monomers are converted to polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene) (PEDOT), respectively. The prepared composites were extensively characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), conductivity measurements, AC-impedance and electrochemical analyses. Electrochemical studies showed that composites are good candidates towards ORR in alkaline electrolyte medium. Ag/MMT/PEDOT showed the best performance in catalytic properties. All three composites showed better performances than that of typical Ag/C composites with a similar mass loading of silver. Although the performances of the cheap composites are somewhat lower when compared to commercially available Pt/C, the performance is sufficient to use the materials as cheap alternatives for FC cathodes.

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Section: December 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver montmorillonite conducting polymer composite materials as low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts

Senarathna

Rajapakse

2019

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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“…We developed an extremely clay-polymer catalyst [montmorillonitepolypyrrole-Ce(III), MMT-PPY-Ce(III)] that is capable of reducing oxygen to hydroxyl ions via 4-electron pathway that is required for fuel cell applications. This was published in Electrochimica acta in 2010 [32]. This work has been reviewed in a book [33].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Into Greener Transportation

Rajapakse¹

2017

Seventh International Conference on Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Technology - ASET 2017

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This review paper summarizes the problems associated with transportation as regard to automobile emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and ways of circumventing such problems. Hydrogen is perhaps the cleanest fuel though hydrogen in its molecular form is hardly available naturally. As such, current methods of hydrogen production and their problems will be revealed. Hydrogen production through water photo-splitting will then be thoroughly reviewed. Our work on the use of silver and niobium(v)-doped TiO2 in water photosplitting is then described. Silver nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 nanowires are capable of absorbing in the visible range due to surface plasmon resonance effect while Nb(V) introduces electronic energy levels within the band gap of titanium dioxide comparable to vibrational energy levels of titanium dioxide thus enabling absorption of infrared radiation and upconversion. This catalyst is perhaps the fasted water splitting catalyst designed and developed so far and is working even in the diffuse room light conditions and even in the dark. We then review fuel cell powered motor vehicles where we first give a brief introduction to fuel cells. In a fuel cell a fuel oxidizes by an oxidant and the latter is usually atmospheric oxygen. Both the fuel and air are supplied continuously for consistent performance. Oxygen reduction half-reaction is a difficult one involving over 500 mV overpotential on many electrode surfaces. As such, electrocatalysts based on precious metals such as Pt-Rh are used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction which adds up to enormous cost of fuel cells. As such, ways of minimizing platinum content and the use of cheap nonplatinum catalysts will de described. The performance of large number of new catalysts which we developed will be reviewed by taking a few examples.

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“…So it is meaningful to improve the microwave absorbing properties of PPy filled composites by tailoring its morphology. It has been reported that PPy compounding with clay is an effective modification method due to the changes of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the compound induced by the incorporation of clay layers into PPy . However, few studies focus in the microwave absorption performance of PPy filled composites when the morphology of PPy is changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and microwave absorbing characteristics of flake‐like polypyrrole filled composites in X‐band

Song

Deng

et al. 2014

Polymer Composites

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Polypyrrole (PPy)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocompounds were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of MMT. The results indicate PPy is intercalated into MMT interlayers and the morphology of obtained PPy in nanocompounds is changed to flake-like rather than granular particles as pristine PPy. The resultant PPy/ MMT nanocompounds and pristine PPy were used as microwave absorbing filler separately to prepare microwave absorbing PPy/MMT and PPy epoxy composites. The results indicate PPy/MMT epoxy composites exhibit much better microwave absorbing properties than those filled by pristine PPy. The maximum reflection loss of 20 wt% PPy/MMT filled composite is 232.63 dB at 10.55 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.8 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss below 210 dB is from 8.6 GHz to 12.4 GHz, which almost covers the whole X-band. We postulated that the morphology change of PPy in PPy/MMT and its better dispersion may be responsible for the enhancement of microwave absorption. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:532-538, 2016.

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Preparation and characterization of electronically conducting polypyrrole-montmorillonite nanocomposite and its potential application as a cathode material for oxygen reduction

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Silver montmorillonite conducting polymer composite materials as low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts

Silver montmorillonite conducting polymer composite materials as low-cost oxygen reduction catalysts

Research Into Greener Transportation

Synthesis and microwave absorbing characteristics of flake‐like polypyrrole filled composites in X‐band

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