Preparation and characterization of gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose active film incorporated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract for the preservation of raspberry fruit
“…Because they were gelatin-based, the films and nanocomposite films had great affinity and solubility in water, justifying the high WVP presented by them [12], even charged with CN. The WVP values were similar to those determined by other authors working on gelatin-based films with PLE or nisin (3.1 to 4.0 × 10 −1 g•mm/m 2 •h•kPa) [6] and carboxymethyl cellulose and pomegranate peel extract (around 2 × 10 −1 g•mm/m 2 •h•kPa) [4]. In terms of application, all of these films can be considered very permeable to water vapor [11].…”
Section: Water Vapor Permeability (Wvp)supporting
confidence: 88%
“…Regarding the effect of CN, a decrease in the solubility in water of N-PLE was noted in relation to the F-PLE film (p < 0.05), but no difference was observed between F-C and N-C (p > 0.05), thus as observed for moisture content. Likewise, this behavior has been observed for gelatin/carboxymethylcellulose incorporated with pomegranate peel extract [4]. Although CN presents greater interfacial bonding, forming networks, which theoretically hinders the diffusion of water through the films [7], this effect was not observed between the film and nanocomposite film controls.…”
Section: Solubility In Water (Sw)mentioning
confidence: 56%
“…Color is an important property that affects the physical appearance of films and consequently consumer acceptance [4]. PLE has a greenish-yellow color (L* = 30.4, a* = 12.1, b* = 41.3), which may be associated with light dispersions from the phenolic compounds present in the PLE; therefore, it was expected that the color of the films and nanocomposite films would be affected by the PLE [12].…”
Biopolymer-based films can be activated by the incorporation of active compounds into their matrix. Plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antimicrobial and/or antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to produce gelatin-based active films and nanocomposite films incorporated with “pitanga” (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf extract (PLE) and/or crystalline nanocellulose extracted from soybean straw (CN), and to study the physicochemical, functional, microstructural, thermal, UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant properties of these materials. PLE enhanced some film properties, such as tensile strength (from 30.2 MPa to 40.6 MPa), elastic modulus (from 9.3 MPa to 11.3 MPa), the UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant activity, in addition to affecting the microstructural, surface, and color properties. These improvements were even more significant in nanocomposites simultaneously containing PLE and CN (59.5 MPa for tensile strength and 15.1 MPa for elastic modulus), and these composites also had lower moisture content (12.2% compared to 13.5–14.4% for other treatments) and solubility in water (from 48.9% to 44.1%). These improvements may be the result of interactions that occur between PLE’s polyphenols and gelatin, mainly in the presence of CN, probably due to the formation of a stable PLE–CN–gelatin complex. These results are relevant for the food packaging sector, as the activated nanocomposite films exhibited enhanced active, barrier, and mechanical properties due to the presence of PLE and CN, in addition to being entirely produced with sustainable components from natural and renewable sources.
“…Because they were gelatin-based, the films and nanocomposite films had great affinity and solubility in water, justifying the high WVP presented by them [12], even charged with CN. The WVP values were similar to those determined by other authors working on gelatin-based films with PLE or nisin (3.1 to 4.0 × 10 −1 g•mm/m 2 •h•kPa) [6] and carboxymethyl cellulose and pomegranate peel extract (around 2 × 10 −1 g•mm/m 2 •h•kPa) [4]. In terms of application, all of these films can be considered very permeable to water vapor [11].…”
Section: Water Vapor Permeability (Wvp)supporting
confidence: 88%
“…Regarding the effect of CN, a decrease in the solubility in water of N-PLE was noted in relation to the F-PLE film (p < 0.05), but no difference was observed between F-C and N-C (p > 0.05), thus as observed for moisture content. Likewise, this behavior has been observed for gelatin/carboxymethylcellulose incorporated with pomegranate peel extract [4]. Although CN presents greater interfacial bonding, forming networks, which theoretically hinders the diffusion of water through the films [7], this effect was not observed between the film and nanocomposite film controls.…”
Section: Solubility In Water (Sw)mentioning
confidence: 56%
“…Color is an important property that affects the physical appearance of films and consequently consumer acceptance [4]. PLE has a greenish-yellow color (L* = 30.4, a* = 12.1, b* = 41.3), which may be associated with light dispersions from the phenolic compounds present in the PLE; therefore, it was expected that the color of the films and nanocomposite films would be affected by the PLE [12].…”
Biopolymer-based films can be activated by the incorporation of active compounds into their matrix. Plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antimicrobial and/or antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to produce gelatin-based active films and nanocomposite films incorporated with “pitanga” (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf extract (PLE) and/or crystalline nanocellulose extracted from soybean straw (CN), and to study the physicochemical, functional, microstructural, thermal, UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant properties of these materials. PLE enhanced some film properties, such as tensile strength (from 30.2 MPa to 40.6 MPa), elastic modulus (from 9.3 MPa to 11.3 MPa), the UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant activity, in addition to affecting the microstructural, surface, and color properties. These improvements were even more significant in nanocomposites simultaneously containing PLE and CN (59.5 MPa for tensile strength and 15.1 MPa for elastic modulus), and these composites also had lower moisture content (12.2% compared to 13.5–14.4% for other treatments) and solubility in water (from 48.9% to 44.1%). These improvements may be the result of interactions that occur between PLE’s polyphenols and gelatin, mainly in the presence of CN, probably due to the formation of a stable PLE–CN–gelatin complex. These results are relevant for the food packaging sector, as the activated nanocomposite films exhibited enhanced active, barrier, and mechanical properties due to the presence of PLE and CN, in addition to being entirely produced with sustainable components from natural and renewable sources.
“…The gelatin chitosan composite film exhibits excellent antibacterial properties ( Bonilla et al, 2018 ). The gelatin carboxymethyl cellulose composite film has significant antioxidant and UV blocking abilities ( Vargas-Torrico et al, 2024 ). Fig.…”
Section: Interactions Of Edible Film Substrate Ingredientsmentioning
“…Due to the presence of many phenolic compounds in this part, which has shown a lot of antibacterial and antioxidant potential, its non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and high availability, researchers have used this waste part in active packaging film in many research studies. Different studies have also evaluated the important parameters of a packaging film containing PPE ( Vargas-Torrico, Aguilar-Méndez, Ronquillo-de Jesús, Jaime-Fonseca, & von Borries-Medrano, 2024 ). In this review study, the aim is to explain the use of pomegranate peel extract in packaging films and the effects that this extract has on their antibacterial, antioxidant, and other physicochemical properties.…”
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