Preparation and Characterization of Green Fe3 O4 Nanoparticle Using the Aqueous Plant Extract of Gundelia tournefortii L.

Abstract

In this work, the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) synthesized using a simple, fast, and environmentally acceptable green approach. Gundelia Tournefortii Extract, an aqueous plant extract, was used for the first time in green synthesis to prepare nanoparticles as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Such biomolecules as flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidants are found in the aqueous leaf extract, and their presence has been determined to have an important role in the synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The techniques used in this analysis include Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer demonstrated that the samples were superparamagnetic, with a magnetization value of 48.6 emu/g. The prepared nanoparticle was applied to remove Chrystal Violet (CV), Malachite Green(MG), and Safranin (S) dyes from prepared aqueous solutions with the adsorption capacity of 13.9, 15.6, and 14.4 mg/g respectively.

All Shapes and Phases of Nanometer-Sized Iron Oxides Made from Natural Sources and Waste Material via Green Synthesis Approach: A Review

“…Reportedly, α-Fe 2 O 3 could be synthesized using several biological substance agents, such as extract of Citrus reticulum peels, 153 Aloe vera leaf, 154 Spondias dulcis leaf, 155 Carica papaya leaf, 120 Gardenia resinifera plant, 156 Curcuma and tea leaves, 157 Sida cordifolia plant, 158 and Bridelia retusa leaf. 159 As for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 , several biological substance agents were used such as aqueous extracts of zanthoxylum armatum dc leaf, 160 Rhus coriaria, 161 Graptophyllum pictum leaf, 162 Chlorella-k01, 163 seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii), 164 Garcinia mangostana fruit peel, 165 gundelia tournefortii l plant., 166 Punica granatum l. of fruit peel, 167 biosurfactant Saccharum of ficinarum, 168 Azadirachta indica, 169 rambutan peel waste, 170 α-D-glucose, and gluconic acid. 171 Green synthesis even could be used to obtain metastable iron oxides, 147,172 for instance, β-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles synthesized using a simple chemical method from a mixture of FeCl 3 solution and Iraqi grape extract 172 and β-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles synthesized from a Fe 3+ salt and Cammelia sinensis (black tea) extract using heat treatment.…”

“…Reportedly, α-Fe 2 O 3 could be synthesized using several biological substance agents, such as extract of Citrus reticulum peels, Aloe vera leaf, Spondias dulcis leaf, Carica papaya leaf, Gardenia resinifera plant, Curcuma and tea leaves, Sida cordifolia plant, and Bridelia retusa leaf . As for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 , several biological substance agents were used such as aqueous extracts of zanthoxylum armatum dc leaf, Rhus coriaria , Graptophyllum pictum leaf, Chlorella-k01 , seaweed ( Kappaphycus alvarezii ), Garcinia mangostana fruit peel, gundelia tournefortii l plant., Punica granatum l . of fruit peel, biosurfactant Saccharum officinarum , Azadirachta indica , rambutan peel waste, α- d -glucose, and gluconic acid .…”