Graphical Abstract
This paper introduces a new method, 3D Near Field Electrospinning (3DNFES), for printing polymeric fibers in highly organized, controlled and reproducible manner. The research strategy described in the this work offers several significant advantages including: 1) producing precise patterns of fibers on relatively large scale area with minimum material consumption, 2) ability to print in all three directions of X, Y and Z, 3) offering an inexpensive method with easy control over shape and orientation of fibers compared to other available methods, and 4) readily combines with other pre-patterned nanostructures or microstructures such as gels (e.g. collagen gel) to create multi-material composites.