Preparation and characterization of lamivudine microcapsules using various cellulose polymers

Katakam, Prakash; Raju, P. Narayana; Shanta, K K; Lakshmi, M.

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v6i4.14668

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate and eudragit microspheres of diclofenac sodium could be prepared by the emulsification and solvent evaporation method using acetone as solvent for the polymer as reported by us (Prakash et al, 2007). The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical and free flowing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though they have been studied (Prakash et al, 2007;Padala et al, 2009;Chowdary and Ratna 1993;Kawashima, 1989;Hasan, 1992;Lorenzo-Lamon et al, 1998) individually for microspheres and controlled release, no reports on comparative evaluation of their drug release and permeability characteristics for diclofenac are available. In the present study a comparative evaluation of drug release and permeability of ethylcellulose (EC), cellulose acetate (CA) and eudragit (EU) microspheres has been made employing diclofenac sodium as core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Evaluation of Drug Release and Permeability of Ethylcellulose, Cellulose Acetate and Eudragit RS100 Microspheres

Katakam¹,

Diaf²,

Dey³

et al. 2014

IJSRK

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Abstract. Present study aims at comparative evaluation of drug release and permeability of diclofenac sodium loaded ethylcellulose (EC), cellulose acetate (CA) and eudragit (EU) microspheres. Microspheres of EC, CA and EU containing diclofenac sodium were prepared by an emulsification-solvent evaporation (oil-in-oil, o/o) method and were investigated for a comparative evaluation of various parameters. The microspheres were found discrete, free flowing, multinucleate, monolithic and spherical. About 5560% of all microspheres prepared were in the size range of -20+30 (715 m) mesh size. The encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 97.1106.4% with various polymers. The wall thickness of microspheres was in the range of 13.69-74.97m which depended on polymer employed and was directly proportional to polymer concentration. Diclofenac release from the microspheres was slow over longer periods of time and depended on the polymer used and coat:core ratio. Release was diffusion controlled and followed first order kinetics. Good linear relationships were observed between percent coat, wall thickness and release rate constant with all the three polymers. The slopes of percent coat vs release rate (k 1 ) plots were found to be 0.4117, 0.2351 and 0.9762; and those of wall thickness (h) vs drug release rate (k 1 ) plots were found 0.2549, 0.1863 and 0.7850 respectively for EC, CA and EU microspheres. The lower the slope the better is the controlling effect. Cellulose acetate exhibited better release-controlling effect than that of ethylcellulose and eudragit. The increasing order of diclofenac release rate and permeability observed with various microspheres was, cellulose acetate < ethylcellulose < eudragit RS100. The possible permeability of drug from the prepared porous micrsopheres could be due to osmotic pressure generated by diclofenac.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Drug Release and Permeability of Ethylcellulose, Cellulose Acetate and Eudragit RS100 Microspheres

Katakam¹,

Diaf²,

Dey³

et al. 2014

IJSRK

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“…Solvent Evaporation Method 9,10 : Zidovudine microcapsules were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. This process was carried out in a liquid manufacturing vehicle.…”

Section: Preparation Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2011

IJPSR

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Microencapsulation is a well-known method that is used to modify and retard drug release. In this study, the preparation of Zidovudine loaded microcapsule was accomplished in order to assess the suitability of them for production of oral/vaginal sustained release multiparticulate dosage form of Zidovudine. Microcapsules were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The effect of formulation variable like polymer: drug ratio was investigated on shape and surface characteristics of microcapsules (by scanning electron microscopy), percentage yield and drug entrapment efficiency, mean particle size and drug release profiles (dissolution test). Microscopic examination of microcapsules revealed that microcapsules were well-shaped and nearly spherical. FTIR studies revealed that no interactions were found between the drug and the polymer. The particle size of all the formulations were found to be satisfactory and within the range of 60.06 to 85.28 μm The percentage yield of all the formulation was found to be satisfactory except MC5. The percentage yield varied from 60.16 to 92.52% suggesting that the processing parameters did not affect the yield from the solvent evaporation method. Dissolution studies were carried out and zero order, first order and higuchi kinetics were implemented to predict the release kinetics. To justify the result Korsmeyer and Peppas model was applied and data shows that all formulations released the drug by diffusion following Fickian (n<0.5) transport mechanism.

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“…The WHO estimated that HIV/AIDS caused 2% of all deaths and 6% of deaths due to infectious diseases in India in 1998. If this status continues by 2033, AIDS will account for an estimated 17% of all deaths and 40% of deaths from infectious disease [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Delivery of Antiretroviral Drug-Loaded Cross-Linked Microspheres by Ionic Gelation Method

Princely¹,

N²,

Nandhakumar³

et al. 2016

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Lamivudine (LVD) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor originally developed as an antiretroviral drug and primarily used in the treatment of most common chronic disease of the planet, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hepatitis B. The main objective of the study is to develop controlled drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of antiretroviral drug, LVD against human immunodeficiency virus infections. Methods:The microencapsulation of LVD in gelatin microspheres was carried out by cross-linking process with glutaraldehyde saturated toluene using ionic-gelation method. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size analysis, % yield value, % drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology, swelling index, accelerated stability studies, Fourier transform infrared radiation spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for polymer drug compatibility, in vitro dissolution efficiency and release kinetic studies. Results:The obtained microspheres showed very smooth surface and exhibited regular spherical geometry due to higher crosslinking density. FT-IR and DSC revealed the absence of drug polymer interactions. The percentage yield, entrapment efficiency and drug content for F6 LVD microspheres was found to be 79.31%, 65.55% and 96.25% respectively. The particle size was ranged from 34.61% to 51.45 µm sizes and in vitro release profile showed that cross-linking density of gelatin microspheres effectively controlled the release of LVD. Conclusion:The findings of our investigation demonstrated that F6 of gelatin-LVD microspheres had good controlled release profile with maximum entrapment efficiency and prolonged drug release for 24 hrs or longer and this formulation would be capable of overcoming the drawbacks and limitations of LVD conventional dosage forms.

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Preparation and characterization of lamivudine microcapsules using various cellulose polymers

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

A Comparative Evaluation of Drug Release and Permeability of Ethylcellulose, Cellulose Acetate and Eudragit RS100 Microspheres

A Comparative Evaluation of Drug Release and Permeability of Ethylcellulose, Cellulose Acetate and Eudragit RS100 Microspheres

Untitled

Controlled Delivery of Antiretroviral Drug-Loaded Cross-Linked Microspheres by Ionic Gelation Method

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