Preparation and characterization of lignin‐layered double hydroxide/styrene‐butadiene rubber composites

Xiao, Suo; Feng, Jianxiang; Zhu, Jin; Xi, Wang; Yi, Chunwang; Su, Shengpei

doi:10.1002/app.39311

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore an optimum lignin loading was found to be essential for thermal. 195 Thermal properties studies showed that the T g of LDH-lignin filled SBR remained unchanged from pure SBR. Not surprisingly, the curing temperature of the epoxy resin was found to reduce significantly in the presence of an amine curing agents.…”

Section: Equation 1 A) Lu Weiss Equation B) Gordon-taylor Equation Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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The need for renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum based polymers has been the motivation for work on biobased composites, blends and materials whose foundations are carbon neutral feedstocks. Lignin, an abundant plant derived feedstock, and waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry, qualifies as a renewable material. Despite the fact that it is often difficult to blend lignin with other polymers due to its complex structure and reactivity, published research over the past decade, has focused on issues such as lignin miscibility with other polymers, the thermal and mechanical strength behavior of its copolymers and its fractions as well as efforts of tuning its thermal properties via chemical modifications and other means. As such this effort now attempts to offer a comprehensive overview that largely discusses the importance of these processes with the aim toward effective, cost efficient and environmentally friendly means that may allow the utilization of this important and largely ignored biopolymer.

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Section: Equation 1 A) Lu Weiss Equation B) Gordon-taylor Equation Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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“…To improve the reinforcing efficiency of lignin, some researchers adopted surface chemical modifications or hybrid fillers to address the issue of the dispersion and compatibility of lignin in rubber matrix. For example, Frigerio et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ dispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity, morphology and property

Jiang

Yao

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lignin, a naturally occurring polymer, was viewed as a potential substitute of carbon black for reinforcing rubber materials. However, it shows no reinforcing effect if directly mixed with rubber. In this study, lignin was in situ dispersed at submicrometer size and highly compatible with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by using a high-temperature dynamic heat treatment (HTDHT). Rheology analysis indicated that the ring opening reaction between lignin and ENR occurred at 160 C or above, which was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Due to the consumption of acidic groups of lignin by ENR, the retardant vulcanization effect of lignin was weakened. Morphology observation and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the perfect lignin dispersion and the strong interactions between lignin and ENR. The mechanical properties of the lignin/ENR composites were significantly improved by using HTDHT. Compared to the directly mixed rubber composites, the tensile strength and tear strength of the heat treated rubber composites filled with 40 phr lignin were increased by 114% and 23%, respectively. Especially, the 300% modulus of the heat treated rubber composite was increased by ca. 400%. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the reinforcement of the composites originated from the presence of lignin rather than the strain-induced crystallization of ENR.

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“…Therefore, a reinforcing filler is often required in this matrix to improve the physic mechanical properties of SBR composites and reduce the material cost [1,2]. Lignin, one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth, is a polyphenolic macromolecule which is comprised of 9-carbon phenol propane units (p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol) linked together by different types of bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various academic papers regarding preparations of rubber/ lignin compounds have been published [4][5][6][7][8]. Most recently, Xiao et al [1] prepared styrene-butadiene rubber/lignin-layered double hydroxide composites by melt mixing. Jiang et al [9] fabricated natural rubber/nano-lignin composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing styrene butadiene rubber with lignin-novolac epoxy resin networks

Yu¹,

He²,

Jiang³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this study, lignin-novolac epoxy resin networks were fabricated in the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix by combination of latex compounding and melt mixing. Firstly, SBR/lignin compounds were co-coagulated by SBR latex and lignin aqueous solution. Then the novolac epoxy resin (F51) was added in the SBR/lignin compounds by melt compounding method. F51 was directly cured by lignin via the ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups of F51 and OH groups (or COOH groups) of lignin during the curing process of rubber compounds, as was particularly evident from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies and maximum torque of the curing analysis. The existence of lignin-F51 networks were also detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The structure of the SBR/lignin/F51 was also characterized by rubber process analyzer (RPA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and determination of crosslinking density. Due to rigid lignin-F51 networks achieved in SBR/lignin/F51 composites, it was found that the hardness, modulus, tear strength, crosslinking density, the temperature of 5 and 10% weight-loss were significantly enhanced with the loading of F51.

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Preparation and characterization of lignin‐layered double hydroxide/styrene‐butadiene rubber composites

Cited by 63 publications

References 29 publications

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

In situ dispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity, morphology and property

Reinforcing styrene butadiene rubber with lignin-novolac epoxy resin networks

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