Preparation and Characterization of Liposomes Containing Essential Oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf

Abstract

A B S T R A C T Background:The increased incidence of fungal resistance has necessitated the need to search for new antifungal agents. Objective: The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on dermatophytes growth and to formulate and characterize a liposomal gel loaded with the essential oil. Materials and Methods:The essential oil extracted from the leaves of E. camaldulensis was analyzed by GC-MS. The antifungal activity of this essential oil was determined against Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosum, using the well diffusion method. Liposomes were prepared by the freeze-thaw method and evaluation of size distribution was performed using a particle size analyzer. The liposomal gel was prepared using 'hydroxethyl cellulose (HEC) as the gelling agent. The rheologic characteristics were determined by a Brookfield viscometer. Results:The results showed that the minimum inhibitory volume of the essential oil was 0.125 ml and 95 ± 0.57% of the essential oil was successfully entrapped in the liposomes. The main constituents of the essential oil detected by GC-MS were; phenol, 1, 8 cineole, limonene, alcohol, pinene and terpinen. Results of particle size determination showed a wide range from 40.5 to 298 nm for the different formulations. No significant thixotropy was observed in the rheogram of the formulated liposomal gel. Conclusion: Liposomal gel formulation of the essential oil may lead to improved antifungal activity.

Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review

“…The technique seems to be useful for gradually delivering natural active substances to the site of action, for example, in medicine (Chowański et al., ) or as antimicrobial agents (São Pedro et al., ), which simultaneously minimizes the toxic effects on nontarget organisms (Campolo et al., ). Several compounds have been used for the formation of microspheres or nanoparticles that are used to deliver plant‐derived bioactive substances: liposomes (Moghimipour, Aghel, Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Ramezani, & Handali, ), oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions (Papanikolaou et al., ), Tween 20, chitosan combined with other substances (Ziaee, Moharramipour, & Mohsenifar, ), silica (Chaudhary et al., ), metals and metal oxides (Ali, Yousef, & Nafady, ), and proteins such as bovine or human serum albumins (Sokolik, Ben‐Shabat‐Binyamini, Gedanken, & Lellouche, ). Next, Athanassiou, Kavallieratos, Evergetis, Katsoula, and Haroutounian () reported the usage of a silica gel with essential oils.…”

In vitro and in vivo Methods for the Evaluation of Natural Products against Dermatophytes

“…In a second stage, the MIC for each was established by the agar diffusion method (SDA). It was observed that the presence of the essential oil of E.camaldulensis in liposomes improved the stability of the formulation as well as its antifungal activity [36].…”

On the use of nanotechnology-based strategies for association of complex matrices from plant extracts

“…Nevertheless, the amount of essential oil associated (0.15-1.25%) is substantially lower than for nanoemulsions (up to 20%). Low amount of essential oil usually results in high association efficiency, as for Eucalyptus camaldulensis, where 0.25% of oil resulted in 95% association into lecithin/cholesterol liposomes (Moghimipour et al, 2012). The antiviral activity of Artemisia arborescens essential oil liposome was investigated in Vero cells infected with HSV-1 (Sinico et al, 2005).…”