Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method

Abstract

In this paper, using Styphnolobium japonicum, Cryptomeria fortunei and Pinus yunnanensis as raw materials, cellulose (CE) was first extracted by chemical method (CM1) and biological enzymatic method 2 (BM2), and then further prepared into nanocellulose fiber (CNF) by biological enzymatic method 1(CPM (CPM stands for cellulase and pectinase)). The CE and CNF were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TG. The results showed that the CNF prepared by CM1-CPM was cellulose type II, CNF prepared by BM2-CPM was cellulose type I. The best crystallinity of the CNF prepared by CM1-CPM reached 74.1% ( C. fortunei CNF), the best yield was 24.0% ( S. japonicum CNF) and the minimum average diameter was 62.6 nm ( C. fortunei CNF). However, the best crystallinity of CNF prepared by BM2-CPM reached 80.1% ( C. fortunei CNF), the best yield was 27.4% ( C. fortunei CNF), and the minimum average diameter was 31.6 nm ( C. fortunei CNF). And also, the thermal degradation analysis of the CNF prepared from the three raw materials revealed that the CNF prepared by BM2-CPM had better thermal degradability. Finally, the thermal stability analysis of the C. fortunei CNF was carried out, and it was found that the residual mass of CNF prepared by BM2-CPM was 48%, while the residual mass of C. fortunei CNF prepared by BM1-CPM was 22%, which showed the C. fortunei CNF prepared by BM2-CPM had better thermal stability. Therefore, the properties of nanocellulose prepared by BM2-CPM are optimal.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) from Kenaf <i>(Hibiscus cannabinus)</i> Bast through the Chemo-Mechanical Process

“…In cellulose, every single monomer unit comprises three hydroxyl groups responsible for cellulose's bonding and characteristic properties. Different types of methods have been reported to isolate the Cellulose Nano Fiber (CNF) from lignocellulosic materials, which include acid hydrolysis (yellow thatching grass) [3], high-pressure homogenization, ball milling, and grinding [4], catalytic oxidation (e.g., Oryza sativa) [5], ultrasonication [1] and enzymatic technique [6], respectively. Chemo-mechanical treatment increases the interfacial bonding strength by making the CNF surface available for further modification through hydrogen bonding during the preparation of CNF-based nanocomposites and potential mechanical interlocking between the CNF surface and base matrix of polymer nanocomposite [7].…”

A review of nanocellulose modification and compatibility barrier for various applications

“…3,4 It was reported that the extraction of cellulose from various plants, namely Styphnolobium japonicum, Cryptomeria fortunei and Pinus yunnanensis, could be attained by using the chemical method and biological enzyme, then further prepared into nano cellulose fibers. 5 Besides, nanoscale cellulose also possesses a high aspect ratio, surface area, strength, and modulus. [6][7][8] The high performance and exceptional mechanical features of nanocellulose make it a remarkable candidate for developing sustainable composite materials to meet the future demands of modern technology in a wide range of applications.…”