Preparation and Characterization of Novel PVC/Silica–Lignin Composites

Abstract

An advanced SiO 2 -lignin hybrid material was obtained and tested as a novel poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) filler. The processing of compounds of poly(vinyl chloride) in the form of a dry blend with silica-lignin hybrid material and, separately, with the two components from which that material was prepared, was performed in a Brabender mixing chamber. An analysis was made of processing (mass melt flow rate, MFR), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis, Congo red and Vicat softening temperature test) and tensile properties of the final PVC composites with fillers in a range of concentrations between 2.5 wt % and 10 wt %. Additionally, the effects of filler content on the fusion characteristics of PVC composites were investigated. The homogeneity of dispersion of the silica-lignin hybrid material in the PVC matrix was determined by optical microscopy and SEM. Finally, it should be noted that it is possible to obtain a PVC composite containing up to 10 wt % of silica-lignin filler using a melt processing method. The introduction of hybrid filler into the PVC matrix results in a homogeneous structure of the composites and positive processing and functional properties, especially thermal stability and Vicat softening temperature.

Correlations among Miscibility, Structure, and Properties in Thermoplastic Polymer/Lignin Blends

“…Blends were prepared from lignin and many types of polymers, and the conclusions about the structure and properties of these blends are very controversial. Polyolefins are obvious choices as matrix for lignin blends, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] but lignin was combined also with polystyrene, 19,28,29 poly(ethylene terephthalate), 20,29 polycarbonate, 29 poly(vinyl chloride), 30,31 poly(vinyl alcohol), 24,32 various biopolymers, like poly(lactic acid), [33][34][35][36] polycaprolactone, 37 poly(hydroxybutyrate), 38 starch 39,40 and proteins. 41,42 Quite surprisingly, a wide variety of behaviors was reported for the blends from complete miscibility 19,20,27,33,[40][41][42] to complete immiscibility 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]…”

Depolymerization and Activation of Lignin: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

“…ions [7], polymer fillers [8][9][10][11], innovative systems with antibacterial properties [12], components in abrasive products [13,14], and substances used in the catalytic reduction of synthetic dyes, in sensors, and in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [15,16]. There are also reports of systems in which lignin is combined with titanium dioxide [17], magnetite [18], and the oxide systems MgO•SiO 2 [19,20] or TiO 2 •SiO 2 [17], as well as chitin, another natural polymer occurring as a waste product [21,22].…”

Hydrogenolysis and Activation of Soda Lignin Using [BMIM]Cl as a Catalyst and Solvent

“…The scanning range was from 4000 to 500 cm −1 at a resolution of 4 cm −1 with 16 scans. A Bruker-AVIII-400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Co., Fällanden, Switzerland) was used to record the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR spectroscopy) images at 25 • C in DMSO-d 6 . A portion of 0.5 mL of DMSO-d 6 was used to dissolve 25 mg of lignin for quantitative 1 H-NMR experiments.…”