Preparation and Characterization of Poly(ethyl hydrazide)-Grafted Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre for the Removal of Cu(II) Ions from an Aqueous Environment

Abstract

Poly(ethyl hydrazide)-grafted oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre (peh-g-opefb) was successfully prepared by heating poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted opefb (pma-g-opefb) at 60 °C for 4 h with a solution of hydrazine hydrate (15% v/v) in ethanol. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the product shows a secondary amine peak at 3267 cm . The chelating ability of peh-g-opefb was tested with copper ion in aqueous solution. A batch adsorption study revealed that maximum adsorption of copper ion was achieved at pH 5. An isotherm study showed the adsorption follows a Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 43.48 mg g −1 at 25 °C. A kinetic study showed that the adsorption of copper ion rapidly reaches equilibrium and follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a constant rate of 7.02 × 10 at 25 °C. The Gibbs free energy, ∆G⁰, value is negative, indicating a spontaneous sorption process. Entropy, ∆S⁰, gives a positive value, indicating that the system is becoming increasingly disordered after the adsorption of copper ion. A positive enthalpy value, ∆H⁰, shows that the endothermic process takes place during the adsorption and is more favourable at high temperatures.

Catalytic pretreatment of biochar residues derived from lignocellulosic feedstock for equilibrium studies of manganese, Mn(ii) cations from aqueous solution

“…Chemical interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules are predominated by oxygen containing surface functional groups. 22 The FTIR peaks obtained for raw biomass, unactivated carbonized char sample along with treated and activated char samples are illustrated by Fig. 2.…”

Hydrazinolyzed cellulose-g-polymethyl acrylate as adsorbent for efficient removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution

“…However, cellulose‐graft‐polymethyl acrylate has been less often reported and the functionalized copolymers show relatively low adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. For instance, when methyl acrylate was graft polymerized from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and then treated with hydrazine or hydroxyamine, the former hydrazinolyzed cellulose copolymer showed maximum adsorption capacity of 43.48 mg g −1 for Cu(II) and 42.19 mg · g −1 for Ni(II) at 25°C, while the later functionalized cellulose copolymer showed maximum adsorption capacity of 74.1 mg g −1 for Cu(II) at 25°C .…”

Application of Graphitic Bio-Carbon using Two-Level Factorial Design for Microwave-assisted Carbonization

“…The surface functional groups, especially oxygen-containing groups, play a vital role in forming surface complexes with pollutant molecules, thereby initiating removal from waste water (Johari et al 2013). All samples were analyzed using FTIR.…”