Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites

Pandey, Pratima Parashar

doi:10.4236/snl.2020.101001

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The filling of MNPs in the bulk of PANI depends on the condensation effect of metal atoms PANI [68]. The advantages with this method are; high homogeneity and uniform thickness of very thin layers can be formed [69], a variety of metals or alloy particles and polymers can be combined, MNP composition can be varied in the nanocomposite using metal and polymer deposition rates, and there are reduced agglomeration tendencies [68,70].…”

Section: Vacuum Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconductive Green Metal‐polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors

Kyomihumbo

Feleni

2022

Electroanalysis

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Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively used conducting polymer due to its fascinating properties including conducting, thermal, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties, simple synthesis procedure and low cost of monomer. It has attracted major attention in a variety of applications including electrochemical sensors, catalysts, supercapacitors and biosensors. However, its limitations such as insolubility in common solvents, low process‐ability and poor mechanical properties have led to the development of new approaches to improve it properties. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as silver, gold, copper and palladium have been combined with PANI to improve on its properties which has led to a new class of materials known as metal/PANI nanocomposites. These hybrid nanocomposites incorporate advantages of both MNPs and polymers which effectively improves the properties of the individual materials. Various synthesis techniques including in situ polymerization, ɤ‐radiolysis, electrodeposition, complexation, vacuum deposition and interfacial polymerization have been used in the formation of metal/PANI nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have been used in various sensor and biosensor applications due to their excellent conductivity, ease of synthesis, excellent redox potentials, chemical and thermal stability. This review highlights the various metal/PANI nanocomposites, their various synthesis techniques and their application in sensors and biosensors. The importance of these nanocomposites in sensing and signaling various toxic heavy metals such as mercury, lead and silver and toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and chloroform has been discussed. In addition the review covers the applications of metal/PANI nanocomposites in biosensor systems for the detection of glucose, DNA, protein, cholesterol, drugs and hydrogen peroxide.

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Section: Vacuum Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconductive Green Metal‐polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors

Kyomihumbo

Feleni

2022

Electroanalysis

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“…In addition, other active agents were reported such as linalool, quinol, methyl chavicol, eugenol, chlorophyll, caffeine, theophylline, ascorbic acids, and so on [27,28]. Several methods have been developed for incorporating nanoparticles into a polymer matrix in two ways, which are known as ex situ and in situ [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part B: Improvement of the Optical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bio-Composite Films by Ex Situ Incorporation of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Chaetomorpha linum

M’sakni

Alsufyani

2023

Polymers

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The study was used in the context of realigning novel low-cost materials for their better and improved optical properties. Emphasis was placed on the bio-nanocomposite approach for producing cellulose/starch/silver nanoparticle films. These polymeric films were produced using the solution casting technique followed by the thermal evaporation process. The structural model of the bio-composite films (CS:CL-CNC7:3–50%) was developed from our previous study. Subsequently, in order to improve the optical properties of bio-composite films, bio-nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) ex situ at various concentrations (5–50% w/w). Characterization was conducted using UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the structure–property relationships. The FTIR analysis indicated a reduction in the number of waves associated with the OH functional groups by adding AgNPs due to the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the bio-composite matrix and the CL-WE-AgNPs. Based on mathematical equations, the optical bandgap energy, the energy of Urbach, the edge of absorption (Ed), and the carbon clusters (N) were estimated for CS:CL-CNC and CS:CL-CNC-AgNPs (5–50%) nanocomposite films. Furthermore, the optical bandgap values were shifted to the lower photon energy from 3.12 to 2.58 eV by increasing the AgNPs content, which indicates the semi-conductor effect on the composite system. The decrease in Urbach’s energy is the result of a decrease in the disorder of the biopolymer matrix and/or attributed to an increase in crystalline size. In addition, the cluster carbon number increased from 121.56 to 177.75, respectively, from bio-composite to bio-nanocomposite with 50% AgNPs. This is due to the presence of a strong H-binding interaction between the bio-composite matrix and the AgNPs molecules. The results revealed that the incorporation of 20% AgNPs into the CS:CL-CNC7:3–50% bio-composite film could be the best candidate composition for all optical properties. It can be used for potential applications in the area of food packaging as well as successfully on opto-electronic devices.

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“…Nano Science and Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that deals with materials and structures with dimensions as small as a billionth of a meter (nanometer). 1 Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing scientific field that involves tiny particles with a wide range of research applications, innovation, development, and industrial activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Polymer Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Tripathi

2022

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Polymer nanocomposite has been a rapidly expanding research topic for producing materials during the last few decades. Over the last two decades, there has been a significant scientific interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials' distinct features are related to quantum phenomena, greater surface area, and self-assembly. Quantum effects can begin to dominate matter's behaviour in the nanoscale, particularly at the lower end, affecting optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Nanomaterials have evolved into nanocomposites with numerous applications. Its applications catapulted them to prominence in the field of material research. Because of their unique property combinations and design practicality, polymer nanocomposites are employed in sports equipment, wastewater treatment, the automobile industry, and biomedical applications. Even though they have numerous advantages, producing them in sufficient quantities and high quality is still one of the biggest challenges. During the last few decades, polymer nanocomposites have been a fast-developing research topic for material production. There has been a surge in scientific interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology during the last two decades. Nanomaterials have developed into nanocomposites, which have a wide range of uses. Its uses propelled them to the forefront of material research. Nanocomposites' physical, mechanical, barrier, flame retardancy, optical, dielectric, rheological, and thermal characteristics have been thoroughly researched. Their uses have also been discussed.

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Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Electroconductive Green Metal‐polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors

Electroconductive Green Metal‐polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors

Part B: Improvement of the Optical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bio-Composite Films by Ex Situ Incorporation of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Chaetomorpha linum

A Review on Polymer Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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