Preparation and characterization of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites by free‐radical polymerization

Tseng, Chen-Rui; Wu, Jeng-Yue; Lee, Hsin‐Yi; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1002/app.10585

Cited by 87 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furthermore, the lower T g values of PS/ORG than PS/Aero are observed in Figure 11 and Table 6. As reported in many studies, the higher increase in T g was achieved from the exfoliated structure than the intercalated structure of the PS-clay nanocomposites [19,20,24,61,[67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Part 2: Preparation Of the Ps/clay Nanocomposite Via The Melsupporting

confidence: 56%

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

Luecha

Magaraphan

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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is research employed a novel and facile approach called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.. is innovative technique was conducted by attaching the clay layers directly onto a mobile polymer, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), in order to modify the clay layer through PEG-clay intercalation and PEG-hydrogen bonding. is state was maintained with a small amount of the anionic polymer hydrogel, for example, kappa-carrageenan (KC), and turning it into a highly porous and fragile structure by freeze-drying, thus a so-called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e facile nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was able to be attained even at high clay loadings (55-67 wt.% of the inorganic clay content) with constant PEG and KC loadings. e interlayer spacing enlargement of the nanoclay galleries was around 17Å with the typical lamellar morphology like a house of cards structure. e density values were within 0.108-0.122 g·cm −3 . e thermal stabilities were up to 270°C, revealing better thermal stability for melt mixing with the commodity plastics at a high melting temperature. e flowability and processability were certified by the melt flow index (MFI) results. e highest nanoclay loading capacity (67 wt.%) of the achieved nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was selected to prepare PS-clay nanocomposites via a melt-mixing process. e comparative nanocomposites were produced by using organoclay. e results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited that the exfoliated morphologies were obtained at all clay contents (1-3 wt.%); however, the intercalated structure was gained by using organoclay.e outstanding transparency and brightness were remarked from the specimens prepared by using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e brownish specimens were observed by using organoclay. e significant improvements of tensile properties, glass transition temperature (T g ), and thermal stability were noticed from the nanocomposites prepared using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.

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Section: Part 2: Preparation Of the Ps/clay Nanocomposite Via The Melsupporting

confidence: 56%

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

Luecha

Magaraphan

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…In order to improve the physical properties of PS such as thermal stability, flame retardancy, tensile strength, flexural modulus, reduced gas and moisture permeability, and solvent resistancy, many researchers have turned their attention to the formation of polystyrene/modified-montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanocomposites. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In nanocomposite formation, modified-MMT clays with nanometer sized galleries are dispersed into the polymer matrix and the resultant interfacial interactions between the silicate layers and the polymer matrix are key to the observed enhancement in the physical properties. MMT based layered silicates have been extensively used by virtue of being ubiquitous and their ease of processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of α-MnO₂ Nanorods into Spheres: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties

Chigwada

Kandare²,

Wang³

et al. 2008

j nanosci nanotechnol

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Organically-modified montmorillonite (MMT) clays have been prepared using ammonium salts containing quinoline, pyridine, benzene, and styrenic groups. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending and the formation of nanocomposites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal stability and flammability were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimetry measurements, respectively. The presence of modified MMT at 5% loading resulted in significant improvement in thermal stability compared to the virgin polymer. Effective activation energies for mass loss were determined via a model-free isoconversional approach from TGA data obtained under N 2 and under air. The additives served to raise the activation energy, with a more significant impact observed under pyrolysis conditions. The onset temperature of degradation and temperature of maximum decomposition rate are increased, while the peak heat release rate and mass loss rates are significantly reduced in the presence of three of the modified clays. No reduction in the total heat released is observed.

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“…To bypass problems 1 and 2, PS-based PNC were prepared starting with organoclay pre-intercalated with a vinyl-terminated reactive compound, viz. vinyl benzyl di-methyl dodecyl ammonium chloride (7,8), vinyl triethoxy silane (used with cetyl pyridium chloride) (7), or vinyl benzyl di-methyl ethanol ammonium chloride (9). A high degree of exfoliation was obtained, the dispersion of the end tethered clay platelets was stable, but the reaction still required 15 h.…”

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confidence: 99%

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

Tanoue

Utracki

García‐Rejón

et al. 2004

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) with up to 20 wt% organoclay were prepared by melt compounding in a co‐rotating, intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. Three grades of PS with different molecular weights were used. In this paper we discuss preparation and characterization of the mixtures. Residence time and its distribution were measured by ultrasonics (US). They were found to be independent of the PS grade, but the US attenuation and sound velocity varied with the organoclay loading. According to the XRD diffraction data, the organoclay was dispersed into two types of platelet stacks evidenced by the diffraction peaks at about 2θ = 2.1 and 5.5°, i.e., with the interlayer spacings of d001 = 4.20 and 1.6 nm, respectively. Since neat organoclay has d001 = 1.93 nm, the first peak indicates intercalation by PS and the other a collapse of the interlamellar gallery during compounding. The XRD spectra depended on the organoclay content, but not on PS grade. According to TEM analysis, the degree of intercalation of organoclay in the polymer matrix is highest for the low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene. TEM results also confirm the collapse of interlamellar spacing in parts of the samples. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed that there was some thermal degradation of the onium compound present in the nanoclay. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1046–1060, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Preparation and characterization of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites by free‐radical polymerization

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

Self-Assembly of α-MnO₂ Nanorods into Spheres: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

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Preparation and characterization of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites by free‐radical polymerization

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

A Novel and Facile Nanoclay Aerogel Masterbatch toward Exfoliated Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposites through a Melt‐Mixing Process

Self-Assembly of α-MnO2 Nanorods into Spheres: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

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Self-Assembly of α-MnO₂ Nanorods into Spheres: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties