Preparation and characterization of porous carbons from ion-exchange resins with different degree of cross-linking for hydrogen storage

You, Young-Woo; Moon, Eun-Hee; Heo, Iljeong; Park, Hosik; Hong, Ji-Sook; Suh, Jeong-Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.019

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One of the ways of dealing with spent ion exchangers is their thermal decomposition, including incineration and pyrolysis, whereby the volume of the ion exchanger wastes is reduced and they acquire a more stable form for deposition in the environment [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Pyrolysis of ion-exchange resins yields porous carbon beads [ 13 , 14 ] usable for desulfurization of fuels [ 15 ], hydrogen storage [ 16 ], CO 2 capture [ 17 , 18 ], sorption of heavy metal ions [ 19 ], benzene [ 20 ] and also in catalysis [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

2021

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Hybrid ion exchangers (HIXs) containing fine Cu2O and Cu0 particles were subjected to thermal analysis in order to determine their hygroscopic water content (with regard to their anomalously low porosity) and to determine the effect of the oxidation state of the copper atom in the deposit on the thermal properties of composite materials. Commercially available anion exchangers, Amberlite IRA 900Cl (macroreticular, M) and Amberlite IRA 402OH (gel-like, G), were used as supporting materials. M/Cu2O, G/Cu2O, M/Cu and G/Cu, containing 4.3–8.4 wt% Cu, were subjected to thermal analysis under respectively air and N2. TG/DTG curves revealed that dry M/Cu and G/Cu contained as little as 7.2% and 4.3% hygroscopic water, while M/Cu2O and G/Cu2O contained respectively 10.6% and 9.4% (Cu0 was a stronger water repellent than Cu2O). The oxidation state of the copper atom in the deposit was found to affect the amount of the forming char, and also Cu0 was found to contribute to the formation of more char than in the pyrolysis of the pure resin (the anion exchanger with no copper deposit). Under air the two kinds of particles transformed into CuO, while under N2 metallic copper and char (from the resin phase) made up the solid residue. This means that in the pyrolysis of the HIXs the inorganic phase participated in char formation and it also transformed itself (undergoing reduction when possible). The above findings provide a basis for in-depth research aimed at the innovative use of copper-containing HIXs and at obtaining usable composite materials with a designed (organic-inorganic) composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

2021

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“…The stability and working capacity of KRAC-2-1073 were evaluated using a cyclic test. The repeated adsorption (303 K) and desorption (383, 403, or 423 K) were evaluated by TGA using pure CO 2 at 101.3 kPa because adsorbents used for capture processes must be regenerated using hot CO 2 to maintain >95% purity of the captured CO 2 . The adsorption step time was set to 8 min, including 3 min for cooling to 303 K after thermal regeneration under CO 2 for 5 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A commercial strong cation-exchange resin, consisting of polystyrene with divinylbenzene, was used as the precursor for RAC . The resin was dried overnight in an oven at 383 K prior to carbonization and activation in a quartz reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ultra-micropores in CO₂ Adsorption on Highly Durable Resin-Based Activated Carbon Beads by Potassium Hydroxide Activation

Jin

Lee

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Resin-based activated carbon beads through KOH activation (KRACs; 400−450 μm) were studied to elucidate the role of ultra-micropores in CO 2 adsorption and separation. The improved textural properties resulted in an enhancing CO 2 adsorption of 55.4% (10.0 wt % at 303 K and 101.3 kPa), showing excellent cyclic stability. The change in CO 2 adsorption capacity correlated well with ultra-micropore properties. However, it was noteworthy that excessive developed ultra-micropores reduced the CO 2 adsorption rate. In the breakthrough experiments using CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 mixtures, KRAC with the most developed ultra-micropores showed the highest CO 2 adsorption capacity, but the tailing was higher. As CO 2 concentration increased in the CO 2 /N 2 mixture, the difference in adsorption capacity from other KRACs was highly reduced. Furthermore, the breakthrough time of the KRAC in the CO 2 /CH 4 mixture was even shorter than other KRACs due to the preoccupied CH 4 despite the highest adsorption capacity of CO 2 . The ultra-micropores should be carefully controlled for separation efficiency, considering adsorbates in mixtures.

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“…In 2002, a study demonstrated that metal compounds including CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, CuO, and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O (mixed with ionite), as well as Cu 2+ ions pre-loaded on the resin, had a catalytic effect on the oxidative pyrolysis of cationic (sulfonic) resin, in which the decomposition of functional groups and polymer matrices was enhanced [ 21 ]. Thermal decomposition of ion exchangers by combustion or pyrolysis is one of the possibilities for the treatment and disposal of spent ion exchangers, reducing their volume [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], making the waste more stable [ 26 , 27 ] and giving usable porous carbon beads [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Handling spent ion exchangers is especially environmentally significant if they come from nuclear power plants and constitute a highly radioactive waste [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

et al. 2021

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The effect of a cupric deposit (Cu2+, CuO) on the thermal decomposition of carboxylic cation exchangers (CCEs) is not known, and such studies may have practical significance. CCEs have a very high ion exchange capacity, so an exceptionally large amount of CuO (which is a catalyst) can be precipitated inside them. Two CCEs, macroreticular (Amberlite IRC50) and gel-like (Amberlite IRC86), served as a polymeric support to obtain copper-rich hybrid ion exchangers. Composites with CuO particles inside a polyacrylic matrix (up to 35.0 wt% Cu) were obtained. Thermal analyses under air and under N2 were performed for CCEs in the H+ and Cu2+ form with and without a CuO deposit. The results of sixteen experiments are discussed based on the TG/DTG curves and XRD patterns of the solid residues. Under air, the cupric deposit shifted the particular transformations and the ultimate polymeric matter decomposition (combustion) toward lower temperatures (even about 100–150 °C). Under N2, the reduction of the cupric deposit to metallic copper took place. Unique composite materials enriched in carbonaceous matter were obtained, as the products of polymeric matrix decomposition (free radicals and hydrogen) created an additional amount of carbon char due to the utilization of a certain amount of hydrogen to reduce Cu (II) to Cu0.

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Preparation and characterization of porous carbons from ion-exchange resins with different degree of cross-linking for hydrogen storage

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

Role of Ultra-micropores in CO₂ Adsorption on Highly Durable Resin-Based Activated Carbon Beads by Potassium Hydroxide Activation

Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

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Preparation and characterization of porous carbons from ion-exchange resins with different degree of cross-linking for hydrogen storage

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

Weakly Hydrated Anion Exchangers Doped with Cu2O and Cu0 Particles—Thermogravimetric Studies

Role of Ultra-micropores in CO2 Adsorption on Highly Durable Resin-Based Activated Carbon Beads by Potassium Hydroxide Activation

Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

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Role of Ultra-micropores in CO₂ Adsorption on Highly Durable Resin-Based Activated Carbon Beads by Potassium Hydroxide Activation