Opportunistic
skin pathogens and their resistance to pre-existing
therapeutics are a challenge to normal physiological wound healing
processes. Consistent development of antimicrobial agents is required
to overcome the complications raised by antimicrobial resistance.
An effective alternative proposed in recent research includes the
use of antimicrobial nanoparticles or nanobiopolymers. Unfortunately,
metallic nanoparticles that have been proven as antimicrobial agents
also possess a certain level of toxicity. In this work, we demonstrate
the use of a cationic polymer, branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI),
that has been electrospun to obtain a scaffold/fiber (B-PEI NF) mat
resulting in a large surface area-to-volume ratio. SEM analysis revealed
that the average diameter of the obtained fibers is 240 nm. The formation
of nanoscaffold modulates the controlled release of the polymer from
the matrix resulting in long-term effects. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm
activity of the B-PEI nanofiber (B-PEI NF) was evaluated against ESKAPE
pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and also against Candida albicans. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed
for microbial growth and biofilm for all three test organisms, the
minimum inhibitory concentration required for inhibiting P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans is 33.125, 26.5,
and 19.875 μM, respectively, in 2 mL of bacterial/fungal broth.
Crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide assays showed significant reduction in biomass and cell viability
of sessile cells, respectively, within the biofilm after treatment
using B-PEI NFs. A B-PEI NF matrix promotes cell migration and wound
healing processes by mimicking the extracellular matrix. In vitro
wound healing studies showed a fivefold increase in cell migration
and wound healing by B-PEI NFs (97% wound coverage in 17 h) when compared
to B-PEI (15% wound coverage in 17 h). The in vitro wound healing
assays confirmed the biocompatibility and better wound healing activity
of B-PEI NF mats.