Preparation and Characterization of Reticular Nano‐HMX

Abstract

Reticularly structured HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) of nano-size particles was simply prepared by reprecipitation at room temperature. The sample prepared by reprecipitation was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, and drop weight impact. The results of SEM and TEM indicated that spherical HMX particles of about 50 nm in diameter aggregated into reticularly structured conglomerates. There are two phases (g-and b-HMX) existing in the reticularly structured HMX as shown in the XRD pattern. It was also proved by DSC that the maximum energy release during decomposition of the reticularly structured HMX is at lower temperature. In addition, the testing result of drop weight impact showed that the reticularly structured HMX is less sensitive to impact.

Size Reduction of HNS to Nanoscale by in Tandem Application of Chemo‐mechanical methods

“…This might be because more time was required for processing larger batches which gives time for particles to grow in size than reported solvent-antisolvent based processes used for nanoscale HNS production which used very small quantity of~1.3 g HNS per batch [11]. Similarly, very small batch size varying from 0.25 to 1 g or millimolar dilute concentrations of other explosives like HMX, RDX and CL-20 have been reported to be used to achieve their preparation in nanosize [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Moreover, open literature provides little information on whether nano-size HNS will be produced even on increasing the batch size.…”

Aluminized nitramine-based nanocomposites: Manufacturing technique and structure study

“…In particular, Frolov et al [6] used vacuum sublimation-condensation on a surface to synthesize ultrafine HE on a substrate (average particle diameter of the order of several tens of nanometers). Various techniques for synthesis of submicron nitramines from solutions are described [7][8][9]. For example, Stepanov et al [7] produced nanocrystalline RDX (d = 110-220 nm) by spraying its oversaturated solution in CO 2 at a high initial pressure (p 0 = 15-29.5 MPa).…”

“…For example, Stepanov et al [7] produced nanocrystalline RDX (d = 110-220 nm) by spraying its oversaturated solution in CO 2 at a high initial pressure (p 0 = 15-29.5 MPa). In [8,9], nanosized HMX particles (d ≈ 50 nm) were synthesized by adding an antisolvent to a solution of HMX in acetone. The resulting particles had a round shape but the end product was a voluminous mesh structure formed by chains of such particles [8].…”

“…In [8,9], nanosized HMX particles (d ≈ 50 nm) were synthesized by adding an antisolvent to a solution of HMX in acetone. The resulting particles had a round shape but the end product was a voluminous mesh structure formed by chains of such particles [8]. Miller et al [10] described synthesis of aluminized nitramines and ammonium dinitramine (ADN) by mixing an aluminum-containing gel with a nitramine solution with subsequent evaporation by the action of ultrasound.…”

Investigation of HMX‐Based Nanocomposites

“…Gen-erally,i nsensitive explosive materials have low reactivity, as ignificant drawback. Nanoenergetics, therefore, are exciting because they exhibit an apparent paradox of high reactivity and low sensitivity.The key challenges in producing compositions containing HMX and CL-20 is obtaining the target crystal size, while retaining the desired polymorph, and achieving auniform binder coating without ripening the explosive [2,[16][17][18].I nt his study,t he approach used to produce the nano-HMX based compositions was ac ombination of mechanical particle size reduction and spray drying. Mechanical particle size reduction was utilized to achieve the desired crystal size of b-HMX.…”