Preparation and characterization of stoichiometric zirconium carbide foams by direct foaming of zirconia sols

Li, Fēi; Liang, Mengshi; Ma, Xiaomin; Huang, Xiao; Zhang, Guojun

doi:10.1007/s10934-015-9919-7

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The second stage is above 500 1C but below the carbothermal reduction temperature, which ranges between 1200 and 1400 1C depending on the samples. This rather flat step is probably due to the continuous carbonization of sucrose and the transformation of ZrO 2 crystalline phase [24,25]. Obviously, the weight loss of the third step is coming from the carbothermal reductions of SiO 2 and ZrO 2 to form ZrC-SiC composite powder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntheses of ZrC–SiC nanopowder via sol–gel method

Liang

et al. 2016

Ceramics International

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntheses of ZrC–SiC nanopowder via sol–gel method

Liang

et al. 2016

Ceramics International

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“…About 47 wt% amorphous carbon was observed in the final ZrC foam. Li et al [45] developed another method for the preparation of stoichiometric ZrC foams by direct foaming of zirconia sols. Sucrose used as a carbon source was dissolved into zirconia sol to get a foamable sol.…”

Section: Zrc Foams Prepared From Direct-foaming Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The densities of the stoichiometric ZrC foams were in the range of 0.12-0.53 g/cm 3 . Figure 19 shows compressive stress-strain curves for ZrC foams prepared from direct foaming of zirconia sols [45]. In compression, all show a linear-elastic regime followed by a plateau of roughly constant stress, leading into a final regime of steeply rising stress.…”

Section: Zrc Foams Prepared From Direct-foaming Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics–Based Materials by Sol-Gel Routes

Li¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

2017

Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis

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Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a class of inorganic materials that have melting point over 3000°C and are typically borides, carbides, and nitrides of early transition metals. UHTCs are considered as the promising candidate used in the extreme environment involved with the hypersonic aviation thermal protective system. Synthesis of UHTCbased materials can be divided into solid-based and solution-based protocols according to the state of the raw materials. A sol-gel technique is one of the solution-based protocols for the preparation of UHTC-based materials, which involves the hydrolysis, condensation of the metal organic and/or metal inorganic compounds, gelation, and the posthigh temperature treatment of the dried gels. The sol-gel technique enables the synthesis of UHTC-based materials at 1300-1600°C. UHTC-based materials with desired shapes, such as nanopowders, fibers, and porous monoliths, can also be prepared via sol-gel routes.Recent interest in UHTCs has been motivated by the search for materials that can withstand extreme environments, such as extreme temperature, chemically aggressive environments, and rapid heating/cooling, etc. [5,6]. Due to the combination of series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high hardness, good high temperature stability, and excellent solid-phase stability, UHTCs are considered as promising candidates for a variety of high-temperature structural applications, including engines, hypersonic vehicles, plasma arc electrode, cutting tools, furnace elements, and high temperature shielding. However, owing to the strong covalent bond and relatively low volume diffusion coefficient, UHTCs are difficult to get successfully sintered. Densification of these materials is typically performed by hot pressing and spark plasma sintering with or without sintering aids.UHTCs can be synthesized by a variety of routes, which can be divided into solid phase protocols and solution based protocols based on the state of the starting materials [7,8]. Among the solid-phase protocols, transition metal oxides, carbon black, boron oxide, and boron carbide are commonly used as the starting materials. After ball-milling and high temperature carbothermal reduction, the mixtures are converted into UHTC powders. Examples of the reactions used to synthesize borides and carbides are listed in Table 1 [7]. These reactions are written for ZrB 2 and ZrC, but analogous processes produce other borides and carbides. These solid phase protocols are very straightforward and simple and are used to produce UHTC powders commercially. However, due to the heterogeneity of the reactants, the reactions need to be performed at high temperatures for several hours to complete. Also, those synthesized UHTC powders are micron-sized particles. Figure 1. A comparison of the melting temperatures of the most refractory members of several classes of materials.

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“…In January 2017, Dr. Li from Donghua University started a three-year project funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to develop porous zirconium carbide foams by direct foaming methods [22]. However, very limited papers on the preparation and application of porous UHTCs can be found [17,18,[21][22][23][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-gel derived porous ultra-high temperature ceramics

et al. 2020

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Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are considered as a family of nonmetallic and inorganic materials that have melting point over 3000 ℃. Chemically, nearly all UHTCs are borides, carbides, and nitrides of early transition metals (e.g., Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta). Within the last two decades, except for the great achievements in the densification, microstructure tailoring, and mechanical property improvements of UHTCs, many methods have been established for the preparation of porous UHTCs, aiming to develop high-temperature resistant, sintering resistant, and lightweight materials that will withstand temperatures as high as 2000 ℃ for long periods of time. Amongst the synthesis methods for porous UHTCs, sol-gel methods enable the preparation of porous UHTCs with pore sizes from 1 to 500 μm and porosity within the range of 60%-95% at relatively low temperature. In this article, we review the currently available sol-gel methods for the preparation of porous UHTCs. Templating, foaming, and solvent evaporation methods are described and compared in terms of processing-microstructure relations. The properties and high temperature resistance of sol-gel derived porous UHTCs are discussed. Finally, directions to future investigations on the processing and applications of porous UHTCs are proposed.

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Preparation and characterization of stoichiometric zirconium carbide foams by direct foaming of zirconia sols

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Syntheses of ZrC–SiC nanopowder via sol–gel method

Syntheses of ZrC–SiC nanopowder via sol–gel method

Preparation of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics–Based Materials by Sol-Gel Routes

Sol-gel derived porous ultra-high temperature ceramics

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