Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Ionic Liquid for Water Splitting

Freitas, Renato G.; Santanna, Maria Alice; Pereira, Ernesto C.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.097

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The d sc is related to the charge transfer (diffusion) distance between the charge donor and acceptor. Short charge transfer distance (namely, small d sc ) allows better diffusion of electrons and holes through the interface of SrTiO 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles [15,43]. 1SrT exhibited the smallest d sc (¼12 nm).…”

Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The d sc plays an important role in the separation of electron-hole pairs under extra bias potential. The optimal d sc impels the more efficient separation of electron-hole pair in the space charge layer before recombination [38,43]. Based on the N D values , a potential of 0.2 V was chosen to calculate the d sc , which are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive slopes of all curves illustrate n-semiconductor behavior of the samples. According to the MS theory, the U fb is approximately equal to x-axis intercept of linear section, and the N D and d sc were calculated by using the Ω cm À 2 Ω À 1 cm À 2 S n n Ω cm À 2 Ω cm 2 Ω À 1 cm À 2 S n n Ω cm À 2 Ω À 1 cm À 2 S n n Ω cm À 2 following equations [38,43]:…”

Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Zhou

Yin

et al. 2015

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semiconductor Interfacial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Zhou

Yin

et al. 2015

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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“…Therefore, not only the microstructure and morphology plays an important role in the TiO 2 photocatalytic activity but the synthesis conditions also does. In a recent paper, Freitas et al [20] prepared TiO 2 nanotubes arrays considering two amounts of ionic liquid, 1 and 5 %wt. The authors found that, besides the similarity in the morphology, crystallite size and band gap values for the obtained TiO 2 nanotubes arrays, a very distinct water-splitting efficiency was observed, that was explained by different electron-hole recombination rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical characterization of ITO/TiO2 electrodes obtained by cathodic electrodeposition from aqueous solution

Marchesi

Freitas

Spada

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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In the present work, the photoelectrochemical characterization of ITO/TiO 2 electrodes electrosynthesized at two distinct TiO 2 film charges (0.35 and 1.00 C) was performed. Scanning electron microscopy presented a globular-like nanostructure and a typical morphology that are dependent on the growing charge, where the photoelectrode synthesized at 0.35 C presented a more homogeneous morphology. Such dependence was also observed at the photoelectrochemical response, once the photoactivity for the photoelectrode synthesized at 0.35 C was better than the photoelectrode synthesized at 1.00 C, which was explained by the surface recombination process and the electron lifetime. In order to explore the charge-transfer process and the displacement of the quasi-Fermi level upon illumination, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed at distinct applied potentials. EIS results corroborate the previous results, presenting a higher charge-transfer resistance and a lower chemical capacitance for the 1.00 C electrode film, the last one in accordance with the open-circuit voltage decay.

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“…In the past decades, metal oxides such as TiO 2 , [5,6] Fe 2 O 3 , [7][8][9] and BiVO 4 [10][11][12] have been widely investigated as photoanodes for PEC water splitting due to the characteristics of excellent photoactivity, low cost, and good stability. In the past decades, metal oxides such as TiO 2 , [5,6] Fe 2 O 3 , [7][8][9] and BiVO 4 [10][11][12] have been widely investigated as photoanodes for PEC water splitting due to the characteristics of excellent photoactivity, low cost, and good stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Ternary SnO₂/TiO₂/BiVO₄ Arrays Photoanode toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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light absorption and charge separation efficiency is a key step to boost the PEC performance. In the past decades, metal oxides such as TiO 2 , [5,6] Fe 2 O 3 , [7][8][9] and BiVO 4 [10][11][12] have been widely investigated as photoanodes for PEC water splitting due to the characteristics of excellent photoactivity, low cost, and good stability. Among them, BiVO 4 semiconductor is particularly attractive because it has a narrow band gap of ≈2.4 eV, suitable conduction band (0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and valence band edges, high water splitting efficiency, and good chemical stability. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Nevertheless, the poor charge transport ability, short carrier diffusion lengths (≈70 nm), and high charge recombination rates of BiVO 4 greatly limit its practical PEC performance. To address these problems, various strategies such as morphology design, element doping, host-guest heterojunctions and surface modifications are developed to enhance the performance. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Nanostructured electrode design is one effective route to enhance the light absorption and charge transport ability. For instance, 1D nanorods, [25] 2D nanosheets, [26] 3D inverse opals, [27] 3D hierarchical structures, [28][29][30] and 3D brochosomes-like arrays [31] have been reported to enhance the light harvesting and charge transport performance. Besides, the host-guest heterojunction electrode using two or more dissimilar materials to take the task of charge transport and light absorption, respectively, is another popular strategy to promote the charge transport and suppress the recombination of electron-hole pairs. [32] For instance, BiVO 4 as a light absorber has been combined with various other semiconductors to form a type II configuration such as TiO 2 /BiVO 4 , [33][34][35][36][37][38] WO 3 /BiVO 4 , [39][40][41][42] SnO 2 /BiVO 4 , [43,44] and Fe 2 O 3 /BiVO 4 . [45] Among them, TiO 2 is very attractive due to its relatively negative flat band potential and good chemical stability. Nevertheless, the intrinsically low mobility of TiO 2 still greatly limits the overall performance of TiO 2 /BiVO 4 heterojunction photoanode.Herein, we report the rational design and fabrication of 3D hierarchical ternary SnO 2 /TiO 2 /BiVO 4 arrays as photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting by combining multiple routes of colloid microspheres template, hydrothermal, atomic layer deposition (ALD), and electrodeposition. In this electrode design, the hierarchically hollow SnO 2 microspheres@ nanosheets arrays act as skeletons to support the TiO 2 and BiVO 4 as a promising semiconductor absorber is widely investigated as photoanode in photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, the rational design of 3D hierarchical ternary SnO 2 /TiO 2 /BiVO 4 arrays is reported as photoanode for photoelectrochemical application, in which the SnO 2 hierarchically hollow microspheres core/nanosheets shell arrays act as conductive skeletons, while the sandwiched TiO 2 and surface BiVO 4 are working as hole blocking layer a...

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Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Ionic Liquid for Water Splitting

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Photoelectrochemical characterization of ITO/TiO2 electrodes obtained by cathodic electrodeposition from aqueous solution

Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Ternary SnO₂/TiO₂/BiVO₄ Arrays Photoanode toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance

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Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Ionic Liquid for Water Splitting

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Heterojunction of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanotubes with dominant (001) facets: Synthesis, formation mechanism and photoelectrochemical properties

Photoelectrochemical characterization of ITO/TiO2 electrodes obtained by cathodic electrodeposition from aqueous solution

Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Ternary SnO2/TiO2/BiVO4 Arrays Photoanode toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance

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Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Ternary SnO₂/TiO₂/BiVO₄ Arrays Photoanode toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance