Preparation and characterization of ultramarine blue pigments from fly ash by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the determination of chemical states of sulphur in chromophores

Combustion of lean methane over Co3O4 catalysts prepared with different cobalt precursors

“…4(d). It is worth noting the binding energy of S 2p (168.7 eV) is assigned to S(VI) oxidation state, 54 which demonstrates that there are still nonnegligible sulfates on the catalyst surface. These residual impurities SO 4 2À may cover the active sites on the surface of the catalyst, reduce concentration of surface adsorbed active oxygen species, weaken the oxygen mobility, and thus reducing the catalytic performance.…”

Evaluating and modeling biological sulfur production in the treatment of sulfide‐laden streams containing ammonium

“…In the agricultural sector, direct application of biosulfur as fertilizer has shown better efficiency than conventional sulfur 9 . Interestingly, since chemical sulfur is one of the main raw materials for sulfur‐based pigments such as methylene blue or ultramarine blue, 12 the use of biosulfur could also be evaluated as an alternative sulfur source for the synthesis of such pigments.…”

“…Valorization of sulfur from sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) has important advantages as SO 2 is a contaminant with worldwide emissions for 2010 estimated to be 6 × 10 7 S‐SO 2 tonnes, 7 which causes acid rains and formation of sulfate aerosols that affect solar radiation 8 . Additionally, SO 2 recovered as S 0 can be reused in sectors such as agriculture, 9 Li–S batteries 10 and S‐based pigment production 11,12 . The reintegration of contaminants into the economy as valorized products is the main principle of a circular economy, an essential step for sustainability in which treatment of residues is aimed at diminishing environmental impacts and economical expenses 13 …”

Evaluating the structural properties of bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers with modern analytical tools

“…Each atom has a distinctive peak in the final spectrum. The intensity and position of the peak provides quantitative and qualitative information about the surface elements (Parasyuk et al, 2017;Škvarlová et al, 2019). The main parts of an XPS apparatus (Figure 2b) consist of an X-ray source, a detector to analyze the energy of emitted electrons, and an ultrahigh vacuum chamber.…”

“…Each atom has a distinctive peak in the final spectrum. The intensity and position of the peak provides quantitative and qualitative information about the surface elements (Parasyuk et al., 2017; Škvarlová et al., 2019).…”