Preparation and characterization of Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) for photocatalytic degradation of monoazo and diazo dyes

Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrothermally Grown Cu2+-Doped ZnO–SnS Nanocomposites for MB Dye Degradation

“…These confirmed the existence of Cu in the Cu 2+ oxidation state, with a spin-orbit splitting value of 20.82 eV [27]. The high-resolution XPS spectrum of Zn presented in Figure 3c shows two remarkable peaks at binding energies 1021.92 eV and 1044.98 eV, ascribed to the Zn 2p 3/2 and Zn 2p 1/2 states of Zn 2+ , with a characteristic spin-orbit splitting value of 23.06 eV [28]. The O XPS spectrum (Figure 3d) shows the presence of clear O 1s peaks at 530.21 eV and 531.69 eV.…”

Construction of 1T-MoS2quantum dots-interspersed (Bi1−xFex)VO4heterostructures for electron transport and photocatalytic properties

“…Earlier reports demonstrated curve fitting of the V 2p 3/2 core peak, so we also fitted the V 2p 3/2 core peak in our samples. 14 The V 2p 3/2 core peak was de-convoluted with the fitting of two peaks arising at binding energy values of 517.17 and 518.17 eV. The peak fitting suggests the valence state of V 5+ is in bulk with the presence of V 4+ ions in the 1T-MoS 2 @(Bi 0.40 Fe 0.60 )VO 4 heterojunction composite.…”

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was conducted for the confirmation of the elemental, chemical composition and surface bond analysis. 14,26 XPS survey scan (Fig. S 2 , ESI † ) was performed to confirm the presence of essential components present in the samples.…”

“…Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) were also generated when ˙O 2 − interacted with holes (h + ) and H + ions in H 2 O. 14,34 No EPR signals were observed when the reaction was performed in the dark. DMPO-˙O 2 − and DMPO OH˙ adducts were observed when the experiment was executed under visible light illumination.…”

“… 12,13 Photocatalytic degradation has gained much attention in recent years as it offers a stable, clean and nontoxic direction to lessen environmental pollution. 14,15 Common semiconductors used as photocatalysts (with bandgap) such as ZrO 2 (3.87 eV), 16 ZnS (3.6 eV), 17 SnO 2 (3.54 eV), 18 ZnO (3.4 eV), 19 TiO 2 (3.3 eV), 20 Fe 2 O 3 (2.67 eV), 21 CdS (2.42 eV), 22 BiVO 4 (2.41 eV), 23,24 and PbS (0.28 eV) 25 have been extensively studied, but their performance is restricted due to either broad bandgap which is functional under UV-light which is only 5% of the solar spectrum or unsuitable band edge energy. 26,27 Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop such an efficient and effective photocatalyst that can harvest visible light, which is 55% of the solar spectrum, and yield optimum response for practical and commercial applications.…”