Preparation and characterization of Zn4Sb4

Tapiero, M.; Tarabichi, S.; Gies, J.G.; Noguet, C.; Zielinger, J. P.; Joucla, M.; Loison, J.L.; Robino, M.; Herion, J.

doi:10.1016/0165-1633(85)90051-6

Cited by 82 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, no dopants are known for -Zn 4 Sb 3 and the preparation of polycrystalline -Zn 4 Sb 3 involves the formation of undesirable phases such as orthorhombic ZnSb and -Zn 4 Sb 3 . [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although crystals of -Zn 4 Sb 3 can be grown, 7) it has been difficult to obtain large crack-free samples, due to the phase transformation occurring on cooling at 765 K. As the -and -Zn 4 Sb 3 phases have different coefficients of thermal expansion, thermal stresses caused many cracks to form during sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2) It is relatively a low-cost material and can be a potential substitute for the high-performance lead tellurides containing harmful lead. [1][2][3] Zn 4 Sb 3 is a p-type thermoelectric material with a figure of merit, ZT ¼ 1:3 at 673 K. 1,2) The figure of merit is defined as ZT ¼ 2 T=, where (V/K) is the Seebeck coefficient, (1/m) is the electrical conductivity, (W/ mK) is the thermal conductivity and T (K) is the temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn4Sb3 Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

2008

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This article has been retracted due to substantial overlap with the following paper previously received by the journal office. And thus, it shall not be regarded as an original paper.The corresponding author acknowledges the substantial overlap and his apologies have been accepted accordingly. Although this article was submitted to the 27th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT2008) Proceedings by him without knowing the publication as an original paper in the above Journal, it was not an appropriate deed and the notice has been issued to the authors to pay more careful attention in contributing papers. Single phase -Zn 4 Sb 3 was prepared by applying a two-stage heat treatment and the carrier concentration of -Zn 4 Sb 3 was controlled by doping with doping elements. The undoped and doped samples were prepared by direct melting followed by two-stage heat treatment at 723 and 673 K after solidification of the samples in sealed quartz ampoules. Impurity doping of the samples was performed by adding one atomic percent of Se, In, Pb, Te or Bi. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA), optical microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and their Seebeck coefficients determined at room temperature. The undoped samples were shown by X-ray diffraction and DTA to comprise of single phase -Zn 4 Sb 3 , while the doped samples contained multiple phases. From the measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, all samples were found to be of the p-type and all found to have almost the same values. These results indicate that -Zn 4 Sb 3 has limited solubility for these doping elements for controlling carrier concentration. Preparation of Single Phase

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn4Sb3 Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

2008

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“…The morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of the powders were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM-MIRA LMH II (TESKAN), USA) after polishing and etching by a solution of HNO 3 and H 2 O in the ratio of 1:1 for 3 min. Vickers hardness was measured by indentation of a diamond pyramid on the polished surface of the samples with Vickers hardness tester.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several fabrication methods for Zn 4 Sb 3 have been introduced, such as mechanical alloying (MA) [7,8], vacuum melting process [9], bulk mechanical alloying (BMA) followed by hot pressing [10], melting in an evacuated quartz ampoule followed by a granulation and hot consolidation process [1,3]. To best of our knowledge, no one can report Zn 4 Sb 3 alloys by using gas atomization and spark plasma sintering process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication Of Zn4Sb3 Alloys By A Combination Of Gas-Atomization And Spark Plasma Sintering Processes

Dharmaiah

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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In this study, single phase polycrystalline Zn 4 Sb 3 as well as 11 at.% Zn-rich Zn 4 Sb 3 alloy having ε-Zn 4 Sb 3 (majority phase) and Zn (minority phase) phases bulk samples produced by gas-atomization and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The crystal structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional microstructure were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The internal grain microstructure of 11at.% Zn-rich Zn 4 Sb 3 powders shows lamellar structure. Relative density, Vickers hardness and crack lengths were measured to investigate the effect of sintering temperature of Zn 4 Sb 3 samples which are sintered at 653, 673 and 693 K. Relative density of the single phase bulk Zn 4 Sb 3 sample reached to 99.2% of its theoretical density. The micro Vickers hardness of three different sintering temperatures were found around 2.17 -2.236 GPa.

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Thermoelectric Materials

Owens‐Baird

Heinrich

Kovnir

2017

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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The field of thermoelectric materials has flourished over the last two decades. Significant successes achieved in the development of materials notwithstanding, novel and highly efficient materials are in steep demand due to a wide range of potential and current applications, ranging from wearable electronics to space missions. The main challenge in the improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit ( zT ) is to optimize the intertwined intrinsic charge and thermal transport properties. High electrical conductivity and thermopower, along with low thermal conductivity, need to be achieved simultaneously to excel the thermoelectric efficiency. In this review, the thermoelectric concepts, basics of transport properties, and strategies for zT optimization are discussed in the first section. In the following sections, the predominate structure types associated with high‐performance bulk thermoelectric materials are discussed in detail: Bi 2 Te 3 , PbTe, TAGS/LAST systems, SnSe, Cu 2− x Se, chalcopyrites, tetrahedrites, clathrates, skutterudites, zinc antimonides, Yb 14 MnSb 11 , Heusler and half‐Heusler intermetallics. The basic crystal structures, the possibilities for doping and substitutions to adjust charge carrier concentration and thermal conductivity, baseline thermoelectric properties, and strategies for efficiency improvement are considered for each structure type. Examples of recent work highlighting these strategies are briefly presented.

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Preparation and characterization of Zn4Sb4

Cited by 82 publications

References 5 publications

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

Fabrication Of Zn4Sb3 Alloys By A Combination Of Gas-Atomization And Spark Plasma Sintering Processes

Thermoelectric Materials

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Preparation and characterization of Zn4Sb4

Cited by 82 publications

References 5 publications

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase &beta;-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase &beta;-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

Fabrication Of Zn4Sb3 Alloys By A Combination Of Gas-Atomization And Spark Plasma Sintering Processes

Thermoelectric Materials

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Product

Resources

About

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment

Retraction:Preparation of Single Phase β-Zn<SUB>4</SUB>Sb<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelectric Materials by Two-Stage Heat Treatment