Preparation and Comparison of Technetium-99m Diphosphonate, Polyphosphate and Pyrophosphate Nuclear Bone Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals

Dunson, George L.; Stevenson, John S.; Cole, C. M.; Barron, Edward L.; Mellor, M. K.

doi:10.1177/106002807300701006

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, lSF scanning is capable of demonstraing only 56 per cent of lesions revealed by 99Tcm diphosphonate scanning (Silberstein et al, 1973). This observation applies to all g g T~m phosphate (Dunson et al, 1973) It is recognized that within the suspicious scan category false positive reports may be recorded. However, it is also felt that positive scans must have evolved through a suspicious scan phase.…”

Section: Incidence Of Abnormal Scansmentioning

confidence: 91%

The value of preliminary bone scanning in staging and assessing the prognosis of breast cancer

Campbell

Banks

Oates

1976

Journal of British Surgery

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Preliminary bone scans have been performed on all patients with early breast cancer. The incidence of positive scans has been recorded and several factors determining scan status have been enumerated. Particular attention has been focused on the natrual history of scan positive and scan negative patients. Eighteen per cent of stage I and 41 per cent of stage II cancers had positive bone scans. Scan results were correlated with age, menopausal status, tumour position, tumour size and histological node status. Postmenopausal patients were found to have a significantly increased risk of being scan positive (P less than 0-01). Follow-up studies have confirmed that the lesions demonstrated by scanning actually represent metastatic foci. At 18 months 85-7 per cent of scan positive patients had evidence of disseminated disease compared with only 11-4 per cent of scan negative patients (P less than 0-01). Clinically overt advanced disease evolves from positive scan lesions. It is clear that a significant percentage of patients felt to have early breast cancer already have widely disseminated disease at the initial presentation. The biological significance of bone scan lesions makes a sensitive screening test for dissemination an essential part of the preliminary assessment of patients with breast cancer. Bone scans provide an excellent prognostic index at a patient's initial assessment.

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Section: Incidence Of Abnormal Scansmentioning

confidence: 91%

The value of preliminary bone scanning in staging and assessing the prognosis of breast cancer

Campbell

Banks

Oates

1976

Journal of British Surgery

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“…HEDSPA was the first Tc-99m-diphosphonate complex introduced to clinical practice by Castronovo and Callahan (1972). Large numbers of patients were studied and compared with polyphosphate and pyrophosphate (Ackerhalt et al 1974;Dunson et al 1973;Genant et al 1974;Hughes et al 1975;Krishnamurthy et al 1974); however, not all reports were favorable. Large numbers of patients were studied and compared with polyphosphate and pyrophosphate (Ackerhalt et al 1974;Dunson et al 1973;Genant et al 1974;Hughes et al 1975;Krishnamurthy et al 1974); however, not all reports were favorable.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Red Blood Cells (Rbc) With Mdp For In Vivo Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals

Zolle¹

2007

105

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Foreword 99m Tc pharmaceuticals mark the beginning of diagnostic nuclear medicine and have contributed to patient care worldwide. Since the short-lived radionuclide was introduced for thyroid imaging in 1964, it has attracted much attention and stimulated clinical research. Little was known about element 43, except that it was an artificial radionuclide obtained by the radioactive decay of molybdenum-99. No wonder specialists from all fields joined medical institutions in the United States to participate in the exploration of its chemistry.This textbook gives an account of the accomplishments related to the development of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals and their application in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Since radioactive drug development is a multidisciplinary task, experts working in nuclear medicine and research institutions have contributed valuable information concerning the preparation with sterile kits, methods of quality control, and the use of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals in patients. In addition, the legal aspects governing production and clinical application are also considered.99m Tc pharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine are presented in two parts. Part 1 includes basic principles and methods used for preparation and analysis, in particular the chemistry of technetium-99m and methods described for the synthesis of complexes and conjugates of technetium-99m, the characteristics and performance of the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator system, the importance of kits and formulations for one-step labeling, and safety aspects for labeling blood cells. Special emphasis is given to analytical methods verifying pharmaceutical quality. The quality standards of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for 99m Tc pharmaceuticals and purity standards of the pharmacopeia (European Pharmacopeia and United States Pharmacopeia) have been considered as part of the concept of quality assurance.Part 2 presents 26 monographs of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals, concerning the preparation and safe clinical application. Each monograph provides information on the characteristics of the radiotracer based on chemistry, factors affecting the preparation and in vivo stability, pharmacokinetics and elimination properties, as well as details concerning the clinical application. For each clinical procedure, the effective radiation dose of the patient has been calculated. Methods recommended for quality control and actual results are included.Each radiopharmaceutical is listed under the name used in daily practice. The chemical name, the abbreviated name, and the officinal name in the pharmacopeia are also stated. Listing the trade names may facilitate understanding, especially when relating to products in the literature, which over the years have changed manufacturers.The presentation of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals as monographs serves a practical purpose: it offers relevant information on kit preparation and clinical application at a glance. These monographs provide a wide spectrum of information on 99m Tc pharmaceuticals for daily practice in nuclear medicine, serving as a r...

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“…Η κατά αυτό τον τρόπο σύνδεση των διφωσφονικών αποδείχτηκε περισσότερο σταθερή χημικά, μη υποκείμενη σε ενζυματική υδρόλυση in vivo.Οι διάφορες αυτές μεταξύ των διαφόρων συμπλεγμάτων (πολυφωσφορικώνπυροφωσφορικών-διφώσφονικων) είναι σχετικά μικρές και αφορούν στη σταθερότητα, ταχύτητα αιματικής κάθαρσης, μοριακό μέγεθος και στη σχέση υγιούς οστού-βλάβης κατά την απεικόνιση. Ως εκ τούτου η διερευνητική ικανότητα αυτών στις παθήσεις του σκελετού είναι εξίσου ικανοποιητική και κανένα εξ αυτών δεν εκτόπισε πλήρως τα άλλα35 . Τα νεότερα ραδιοφάρμακα εμφανίζουν σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα, όπως εύκολη παρασκευή, χαμηλό κόστος και πλήρη ασφάλεια στη χορήγηση σημαντικά υψηλών δόσεων (15mCi).…”

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Η συμβολή της τομογραφίας εκπομπής απλού φωτονίου ( spect) στη διάγνωση των παθήσεων της σπονδυλικής στήλης

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Preparation and Comparison of Technetium-99m Diphosphonate, Polyphosphate and Pyrophosphate Nuclear Bone Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

The value of preliminary bone scanning in staging and assessing the prognosis of breast cancer

The value of preliminary bone scanning in staging and assessing the prognosis of breast cancer

Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals

Η συμβολή της τομογραφίας εκπομπής απλού φωτονίου ( spect) στη διάγνωση των παθήσεων της σπονδυλικής στήλης

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