Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of Anatase Nanorods for Lithium-Inserting Electrode Material

Abstract

The titanium oxides with one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure are of significance in electrochemical lithium insertion owing to their high specific surface area and pore volume. In this study, nanorods with diameters of ca. 3−5 nm and lengths of 40−60 nm were prepared through the hydrothermal treatment of a hydrolysate obtained from TiCl4 with caustic soda as demonstrated by HRTEM. These nanorods are protonated titanate and can be converted into the anatase (TiO2) nanorods by a calcination at 400 °C. The anatase nanorods have a large specific surface area of 314 m2/g and a high pore volume of 1.514 cm3/g, respectively. The anatase TiO2 nanorods exhibit a large initial electrochemical lithium insertion capacity of 206 mAh/g and good reversibility. The splitting and multi peaks in cyclic voltammograms associated with differing site occupations are ascribed to the formation of the imperfection of the TiO2 nanorod lattice, which facilitates the transport of lithium in surface defects and bulk materials.

Solution Process for Synthesizing Bioactive Nano-Mesh Layer on Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

“…Unlike the other two methods, the H-E process may promote the formation of nano-mesh layer and thus specific peak was obtained in this case. The peak obtained around 300 cm ¹1 is similar to that of titanate nanowires, which was reported by Zerate et al and Gao et al 12,13) These results indicate that nano-mesh layer prepared by H-E process has a sodium-containing titanate phase.…”

Analysis of Titania Nanosheet Adsorption Behavior Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor

“…However, more importantly, such nanoscale features are also believed to directly affect osteogenic cell behaviors around implant fixtures with nonconventional surfaces, creating a biomimetic relationship between alloplastic surfaces and host tissues by the replication of the natural cellular environment at the nanometer level [1,2,4]. Low-dimensional TiO 2 nanostructures have attracted recent attention because these materials can take the forms of nanotubes [5], nanofibers [6], and nanowires [7]. Compared with mass materials or nanoparticles, TiO 2 nanotubes have high particular surface zones accessible for the adsorption of color sensitizers, and they provide channels to improve electron exchange, thus expanding the effectiveness of solar cells [5].…”

Fabrication, electrical and optical properties of silver, indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO) nanostructure arrays

“…The increased surface area also allows for easy access to analytes, as well as direct paths for charge collection and electrical transport both of which are key aspects for many electrochemical applications. Further advantages include short radial diffusion distances and increased mechanical stability that are of interest for lithium insertion into anodes for high performance batteries [17,18]. In photocatalytic, photoelectrolysis, and photovoltaic applications, including nanostructured organic solar cells [19], these structures can provide a means to increase efficiency in transport limited systems by allowing radial transport to occur perpendicular to the direction of the incident light as well as from increase in surface area [20,21].…”