Preparation and electrochemical performance of La3+ and F− co-doped Li4Ti5O12 anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Facile synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on porous human hair-derived carbon as improved anode materials for lithium ion batteries

“…6f. At a current of 200 mA g À1 (0.2 C), the capacities of pure The EIS can be used to calculate the lithium diffusion coefficient (D Li þ ) using the following equations [41,42]:…”

Challenges of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 for Lithium‐Ion Battery Industrial Applications

“…The common dopants in Li + sites include Na + , [80][81][82] K + , [82,83] Mg 2+ , [84] Ca 2+ , [85] Zn 2+ , [86] Cu 2+[87] and La 3+ , [88] including Fe 3+ , [89] Co 3+ , [90] Ni 3+ , [91] Al 3+ , [92][93][94] Cr 3+ , [91,95] La 3+ , [96] Pr 3+ , [97] Bi 3+ , [98] Sc 3+ , [99] Eu 2+/3+ , [100] Sm 3+ , [101] Gd 3+ , [102] Ti 3+ , [103] Mo 4+ , [104] Mn 4+ , [105] Ce 3+/4+ , [106] Sn 4+ , [107] Zr 4+ , [93,[108][109][110] Si 4+ , [109] V 5+ , [111,112] Ta 5+ , [113,114] Sb 5+ , [115] Nb 5+ [114,116] and W 6+ , [117] etc. The role of doping in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is thought to be based on the defect equilibrium that Ti 4+ in the octahedral 16d site of spinel lattice can be reduced to Ti 3+ by the aliovalent dopant, thereby intrinsically increasing the electron concentration of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 bulk.…”

Improved electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 composite anodes prepared by a solid-state synthesis

“…To solve those problems, many effective methods have been used. Traditional methods mainly focus on the cation doping [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], surface modification [16][17][18][19][20], and construction of nanostructured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with various morphologies [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Carbon-coating and nanocrystallization were considered as very efficient ways to improve the rate capability of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 because of the increased electronic conductivity and shortened lithium ions transport paths.…”