“…The deconvoluted C 1s spectrum confirms the presence of C–C/C–H, C–S, C–O/C–N, C–O–C, and CO at binding energies of 284.7, 285.8, 286.6, 287.4, and 288.2 eV, respectively. 36,37 In the case of O 1s, the peaks located at binding energies of 531.2, 532.1, 532.6, and 533.3 eV can be assigned to S–OH, SO, CO, and C–O–H/C–O–C, respectively. 36,38 The deconvoluted N 1s spectrum exhibits a peak with binding energy of 398.9 eV, which can be attributed to C–N–C.…”