“…The XPS spectrum of Fig. 8 (a) shows the untreated MXene mainly contains four elements: C, O, Ti and F. After comparison with the literature [ 20 , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ], we have deconvoluted the peaks of C1s, O1s, Ti2p and F1s. Fig.…”