Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons obtained by physical activation of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) wastes

Esfandiari, Ali; Kaghazchi, Tahereh; Soleimani, Mansooreh

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2012.02.002

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A review of the literature has shown that the focus of most studies is on the physical activation of PET with steam or CO 2 to produce AC 1, 3, 4, 10–15; however, in several works, PET activation with chemical agents such as NaOH 16, 17, KOH 17, 18, H 2 SO 4 19, 20, and HNO 3 21 was investigated. The use of chemical materials as activating agents, simultaneous carbonization and activation, heat treatment at lower temperatures compared to those of the physical method, and removal of extra chemicals from the sorbent pores during the washing steps are the most important characteristics of chemical activation 22–25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste into Activated Carbon: Chemical Activation and Characterization

et al. 2014

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Due to its high carbon content, low impurities, low cost and easy availability, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste is considered as a suitable precursor for the production of activated carbon. The chemical activation of PET wastes using different chemical agents such as H3PO4, H2SO4, ZnCl2, and KOH was investigated. KOH‐ and ZnCl2‐activated PET were found to be the best choices for the adsorption of small and large molecules. The capacities of the adsorbents towards I2, methylene blue, N2, CH4, and CO2 followed the order KOH‐PET >H3PO4‐PET > ZnCl2‐PET > H2SO4‐PET; however, in the molasses uptake and selective adsorption of CO2 compared to CH4, ZnCl2‐PET performed better than the other adsorbents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste into Activated Carbon: Chemical Activation and Characterization

et al. 2014

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“…According to this figure, the production process of activated carbon is divided into four main stages:Pretreatment: In this stage, PET bottles are crushed and sieved into small particles. The desired size of the particles is in the range of 1–3 mm . Next, the particles are washed and dried in an air dryer.Carbonization: The dried PET particles enter a rotary kiln where the pyrolysis process is conducted in the presence of nitrogen and pyrolysed char is obtained.Activation: In the second rotary kiln, the pyrolysed char of PET is activated in the presence of CO 2 .…”

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Esfandiari et al . studied physical production of activated carbon from PET wastes and determined the optimal conditions for this process.…”

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of activated carbon from solid wastes is one of the most eco‐friendly solutions for recycling this type of carbon‐rich waste . Very good results have been reported for the structural and physical characteristics of activated carbon produced from PET wastes such as high specific surface area, good conductivity, little ash content, and high adsorption capacity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, PET wastes could be used for different purposes such as production of carbon adsorbent, as aggregate in asphalt concrete mixture, etc. The most common ways to eliminate PET wastes are incineration and recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic pre‐feasibility study for physical conversion of polyethylene terephthalate wastes to activated carbon

Torrik

Nejati

Soleimani

2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Beneficial use of waste polymers is an important issue for environmental protection researchers. In this study, a brief summary has been presented for recycling methods of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes. An economic pre‐feasibility study has been performed for the production of activated carbon from PET wastes. The proposed plant was used the physical activation process for the production of 10 000 t of activated carbon per year. The mass and energy balances and equipment designs of the process were performed using Aspen Plus 7.2 software. Asian countries have been selected as the location of this plant. The economic analysis of this plant for 2013 indicated that total capital investment and total production cost of plant were about $13 004 232 and $12 819 125, respectively. Using the economic criteria, the feasibility study of the project was conducted, and it was revealed that for a sale price of $1.7 per kg, minimum values of net present value ($418 486) and internal rate of return (15.33%) and the maximum value for payout period (25.44 years) have been reached. As it was expected, both net present value and internal rate of return increase by increasing sale price, while payout period decreases. This sensitivity analysis indicated that interest rate is the most effective parameter on net present value in each of the sale prices. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review

Zhuo

Levendis

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

274

159

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Polymer production and utilization are currently widespread and have greatly improved people's standards of living. However, due to their stable and nonbiodegradable nature, postconsumer polymers pose challenging issues to the environment and ecosystems. Efforts are being made not only to contain the generation of polymer wastes and associated littering but, also, to find ways of utilizing them sustainably. Aside from mechanical recycling, which turns postconsumer polymers into new polymer products, and thermal recycling, which releases the thermal energy contained within waste plastics through combustion, chemical recycling converts waste polymers into feedstock for chemicals/materials/fuels production. This manuscript reviews prior work on a special application of the particular chemical recycling route that converts polymers into carbon-based nanomaterials. These materials feature extraordinary physical and chemical properties with tremendous applications potential. However, their production processes are both resourceand energy-intensive. Yet, by taking advantage of the high carbon content of waste polymers, as well as of their high energy content, a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly, and self-sustaining production of carbon nanomaterials can be achieved. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39931.

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Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons obtained by physical activation of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) wastes

Cited by 80 publications

References 30 publications

Conversion of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste into Activated Carbon: Chemical Activation and Characterization

Conversion of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste into Activated Carbon: Chemical Activation and Characterization

Economic pre‐feasibility study for physical conversion of polyethylene terephthalate wastes to activated carbon

Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review

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