Preparation and Evaluation of Gelatin-Chitosan-Nanobioglass 3D Porous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize bioglass-natural biopolymer based composite scaffold and evaluate its bone regeneration ability. Bioactive glass nanoparticles (58S) in the size range of 20–30 nm were synthesized using sol-gel method. Porous scaffolds with varying bioglass composition from 10 to 30 wt% in chitosan, gelatin matrix were fabricated using the method of freeze drying of its slurry at 40 wt% solids loading. Samples were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to obtain interconnected porous 3D microstructure with improved mechanical strength. The prepared scaffolds exhibited >80% porosity with a mean pore size range between 100 and 300 microns. Scaffold containing 30 wt% bioglass (GCB 30) showed a maximum compressive strength of 2.2 ± 0.1 MPa. Swelling and degradation studies showed that the scaffold had excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. GCB 30 scaffold was shown to be noncytotoxic and supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation as indicated by MTT assay and RUNX-2 expression. Higher cellular activity was observed in GCB 30 scaffold as compared to GCB 0 scaffold suggesting the fact that 58S bioglass nanoparticles addition into the scaffold promoted better cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, the study showed that the developed composite scaffolds are potential candidates for regenerating damaged bone tissue.

Effect of βTricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Additions on the Properties of Gelatin-Chitosan Scaffolds

“…MSCs exhibited higher spreading behaviour on GCT scaffold (Figure 9d) as compared to pure GC scaffold (Figure 9b) after cell culture time point of 14 days. The presence of β-TCP nanoparticles in GCT scaffolds offered higher number of points for focal adhesion through integrin mediated protein interaction between cultured MSCs and scaffolds [40]. These results suggested that β-TCP incorporated GCT scaffolds provided more conducive surface for MSCs adhesion, spreading and proliferation.…”

“…Degradation of the scaffolds must be controlled with a proper rate to match the speed of new tissues formation, that leads to proper wound haling [40].…”

Three-dimensional nanofiber scaffolds with arrayed holes for engineering skin tissue constructs

“…[9,12] Comparing with poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), the blend with gelatin renders the fiber scaffolds better biocompatibility and faster degradation rate. [13] In order to prepare a highly hydrophilic 3D nanofibrous scaffold, we punched arrayed holes throughout 2D scaffolds and then transformed 2D membranes into 3D nanofiber scaffolds using a modified gas-foaming technique. [10,11] To demonstrate the proof-ofconcept, green fluorescent protein-labeled human dermal fibroblasts (GFP-HDF) cell spheroids were prepared and seeded into the arrayed holes of 3D nanofiber scaffolds.…”

Manufacturing and Characterization of Highly Porous Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffolds Using Unidirectional Freeze Casting

“…[28] The main goal of the present study is to fabricate bioactive macroporous scaffolds by freeze casting of a Bioglass slurry formulated with biocompatible additives, such as gelatin and chitosan, and to characterize the bioactivity of the scaffolds in a dynamic bioactivity reactor in simulated body fluid (SBF). [26,27,[36][37][38][39] When applying the freeze casting technique, a binder, usually a biopolymer, is needed to achieve adequate cohesion after the freeze-drying process and to improve the mechanical properties of the green body. [25] Freeze casting, also referred to as ice templating, is one of the most promising techniques to fabricate bio-inspired macroporous composites with interconnected pores.…”