Preparation and evaluation of hand rub disinfectant

Padsalgi, Amol; Jain, Devendra; Bidkar, Sanjay; Harinarayana, Dommati; Jadhav, Vijay J.

doi:10.4103/0973-8398.41559

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In effect, the log reduction CFU of the V. cholerae after exposure to the test sample C establishes the fact that, the 63.7 % ethanol based hand sanitizer produced would be effective against V. cholerae. Its effectiveness during the extended activity of 2 h in this study reiterates findings in another research in which bacterial counts on alcohol-scrubbed hands continued to drop for several hours even after gloving probably due to continued deaths of damaged organisms [19,24]. Results in another study revealed that in as little as 15 s, alcohol applications have been proven effective in preventing hand transmission of gram negative bacteria [20].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The final pH of 7.3 was obtained for the product (Sample C) whereas that of the standard product final product was 7.5. Both samples had their pH falling within the acceptable range of 7-7.7 as cited in another study [18,19]. However, according to Padsalg et al, 2014, antibacterial effect is not greatly affected by pH as compared to substantial increase in temperature and prolonged exposure times [19].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In the final evaluation of the formulated product, its actual concentration obtained by calculation after running 5% of the final product was 63.70 % (see Table 4). Even though earlier research has confirmed that Ethanol based hand sanitizers considered to be effective comprise of 60%-80% ethanol as their active ingredient [19], the assay value of 63.70 % obtained closely mimics the most effective narrow range of 62%-64% cited in another study [18]. This value being less than 70% by weight has been documented by research as causing less skin drying and chemical dermatitis, with an overall lesser cost than using higher concentrations [26].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water was needful for the dilution of the alcohol to denature the protein of microorganisms [24]. Glycerin was employed as a moisturizing agent/emollient to counteract the disadvantage of alcohol in causing irritation and drying up of the skin due to its absorbent and astringent effect [19,23,32]. Additionally, the addition of emollients in hand sanitisers is also known to enhance their anti-bacterial activity by slowing the drying time and thus increasing the contact time of alcohol with the skin [25].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viscosity and pH determination of final product. The viscosity and pH of the final product, C were analysed using the ZNN S6 Rotary Viscometer at 100 rpm and the pH meter (VHS Electronic MK VI) respectively at a temperature of 25 C. A commercially available form of ethanol based hand sanitizer (Equi Clean Hand sanitizer) from Equatorial Healthcare Services was used as the standard for comparison [18,19]. Viscosity and pH of sample C were 89 rpm (1.48 cps) and 7.30 respectively.…”

Section: Part 3 (Finished Product Analysis (Sample C))mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Osei-Asare

Oppong

Apenteng

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Research indicates an increased use of hand sanitizers globally, and in particular developing countries where bacterial epidemics such as cholera are common. While there is evidence of availability, high demand and use of hand sanitizers, the incidence of cholera in developing countries remains unabated. Several reasons have been put forward, and cost of hand sanitizers remains dominant. It is in response to this contradictory situation of availability but limited access, that this study was conducted to present an alternative option of formulating a high quality and cost effective ethanol-based sanitizer from a Ghanaian local beverage (akpeteshie). The concentration of ethanol in akpeteshie was determined using gas chromatography. An Ethanol based hand sanitizer (Sample C) was formulated with akpeteshie and tested against Vibrio cholerae using the microbial time-kill kinetics assay. Commercially available ethanol based Equi-Clean hand sanitizer (62%) (Sample D) was used as the standard. Results show that the akpeteshie contained 73.08% ethanol and formulated product (Sample C) contained 63.70% ethanol. Viscosity and pH of Sample C were; 89 rpm (1.48 cps) and 7.30 respectively whiles that of Sample D were; 80 rpm (1.33 cps) and 7.50 respectively. The formulated product (Sample C) was effective against Vibrio cholerae with a gradual reduction in microbial count upon exposure to the organisms at time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Part 3 (Finished Product Analysis (Sample C))mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Osei-Asare

Oppong

Apenteng

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Fabrication, assessment, and potential anti-bacterial activity of sandalwood oil nanoemulsion and its hand rub sanitizer

Meghani

Mansuri

Chaudhari

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Antimicrobial activity of homemade WHO ethanol-based hand rub solution in pediatric department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital

Putri

Satari

Karyanti

et al. 2022

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Background Hand hygiene is essential in reducing healthcare-associated infections. Alcohol-based hand rub solutions have been reported to have superior antimicrobial efficacy on both bacteria and lipophilic viruses compared to washing with hand soap. In low- and middle-income countries, the cost of infection control poses a challenge. Our hospital produced an ethanol-based hand rub based on a WHO formulation to reduce the infection prevention costs. Objectives To identify the antimicrobial activity of a WHO ethanol-based hand rub solution against bacterial contamination on the hands of healthcare workers at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on the hands of healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) working in the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta. A total of 225 specimens from 75 subjects were obtained by collecting swabs on both hands before and after participants worked in the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Bacterial culture tests were performed to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria were grouped into no-growth/Bacillus sp, Enterobacteriaceae, cocci, and non-fermenter groups. Results The use of our WHO ethanol-based hand rub solution, generally resulted in a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth from 84 to 54.6%, before compared to after the hand rub was performed. In more detail, there was a 72.7% decrease in Enterobacteriaceae, a 71.4% decrease in non-fermenters, an 8.6% decrease in cocci and a 44.1% increase in the number of specimens showing no growth bacteria/Bacillus sp. Conclusion Our WHO ethanol-based hand rub has significant antimicrobial activity for common nosocomial pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae).

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Preparation and evaluation of hand rub disinfectant

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Fabrication, assessment, and potential anti-bacterial activity of sandalwood oil nanoemulsion and its hand rub sanitizer

Antimicrobial activity of homemade WHO ethanol-based hand rub solution in pediatric department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital

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