2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69348-6
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Preparation and evaluation of zeolites for ammonium removal from municipal wastewater through ion exchange process

Abstract: the application of ion exchange process for ammonium (nH 4 +-n) removal from wastewater is limited due to the lack of suppliers of engineered zeolites which present high ammonium exchange capacity (Aec) and mechanical strength. this study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of synthetic zeolites (Zeolite1-6) by measuring AEC and resistance to attrition and compression, against natural (clinoptilolite) and engineered zeolite (reference, Zeolite-n). At high nH 4 +-N concentrations, Zeolite6 and Zeolite2 sh… Show more

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Cited by 84 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…But, indeed, high costs for disposal of rejects or regenerants are noneconomical and hazardous, which makes recovery of regenerants critical. This in turn requires employing different methods to recover nutrients such as ammonia recovery by hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) with sulfuric acid and hydrated lime for phosphorus along with media replacements (Canellas, 2018; Canellas et al, 2019; Guida et al, 2020; Huang et al, 2020).…”
Section: Treatment Technologies Available For Saline Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But, indeed, high costs for disposal of rejects or regenerants are noneconomical and hazardous, which makes recovery of regenerants critical. This in turn requires employing different methods to recover nutrients such as ammonia recovery by hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) with sulfuric acid and hydrated lime for phosphorus along with media replacements (Canellas, 2018; Canellas et al, 2019; Guida et al, 2020; Huang et al, 2020).…”
Section: Treatment Technologies Available For Saline Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its concentration can be efficiently reduced by using the ion exchange (IEX) process to achieve effluent concentrations <0.5 mg NH4 + -N/L [1][2][3]. However, the implementation of the process at full-scale is still challenging due to capacity of the available ion exchange materials [4], ability to cope with varying ammonia loads [5] and the production of a concentrated brine, the management of which represents a significant environmental and economic challenge [6,7]. In fact, if not effectively managed, the saturated regenerant must be discarded as hazardous waste with an associated high cost of the disposal (typically £65/ton) rendering the process non-economical in the long-term run [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to their notable characteristics, such as high ion exchange capacity, wide specific surface area, and porous structure, zeolites are attractive candidates for a variety of applications, including ion exchangers, sorbents, and catalysts [18][19][20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%