Preparation and formation mechanism of biomass-based graphite carbon catalyzed by iron nitrate under a low-temperature condition

Sun, Zhengshuai; Yao, Dingding; Cao, Chengyang; Zhang, Zihang; Zhang, Liqi; Zhu, Haodong; Yuan, Qiaoxia; Yi, Baojun

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115555

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As the structure of ferrocene is an iron atom between two parallel cyclopentadienyl groups and the pentagon ring can induce the formation of Stone-Wales graphene (Xie et al, 2018), the ring structure of cyclopentadienyl is favorable for the formation of graphite, which is highly consistent with TEM results. Furthermore, as is widely proved, the iron core can catalyze the carbon shell graphitization, finally leading to the formation of Fe@CNPs with well-graphitized shells (Sun et al, 2022). Conclusively, both the ring structure of the cyclopentadienyl group and the catalytic effect of iron may contribute to the formation of a graphitized carbon shell.…”

Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Under microwave irradiation, tungsten wire induces intense arc discharge, which instantly produces a high-temperature environment and promotes the decomposition of organometallic compound (Zhan et al, 2017). Since the discharge intensity and frequency is proportional to the microwave power when otherwise conditions are unchanged Sun et al, 2021;Gao et al, 2020, the effect of microwave power on the product morphology was firstly overviewed by using 9 g cyclohexane as the organic solvent, 0.6 g ferrocene as the metal source, and 2 g Tungsten wires as the discharge triggering media. As shown in Figure 2, due to the strong thermal shock caused by arc discharge, ferrocene is transformed into Fe/carbon nanocomposites, and the morphology changes significantly with microwave power.…”

Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From that point, the formation of a plasma filament or so-called discharge occurs, with the release of heat as a result of Joule heating of the partial or full breakdown current and photons as a result of activated electrons transitioning back to their ground state. Subsequently, the effective electron collision frequency decreases to a low level several microseconds after the discharge, meaning that the discharge cycle has finished (Sun et al, 2021). And then, another discharge circle repeats the same procedure.…”

Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the underpinning mechanisms of microwave-induced synthesis of carbon-coated metal nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Microwave-induced metal arc discharge provides an intriguing solution for the synthesis of carbon-coated metal nanoparticles (M@CNPs) due to its fast formation and improved quality of products, however, the underpinning reaction mechanism is not comprehensively revealed. In this work, the effect of arc discharge intensity on the product morphology is firstly investigated by adjusting microwave power. And then, the effects of the organic groups (i.e. cyclopentadienyl v. s Acetylacetonate groups) and metal catalysis on the product morphology are also investigated by selecting ferrocene, iron acetylacetonate, nickelocene, and nickel acetylacetonate as precursors. Specifically, moderate microwave power can not only destroy the precursor to form carbon nanosheets by inducing intense discharge heat release but also provide sufficient intermittency to allow the carbon nanosheets to deposit on the surface of the metal core, which is an important precondition in fabricating M@CNPs. The structure of organic groups in the precursor also plays a predominant role in adjusting product morphology. Cyclopentadienyl groups tend to encapsulate the metal core to form graphitized carbon shells as the coordination bond between cyclopentadienyl and metal is recognized as a very strong covalent bond that confines the cyclopentadienyl collapse to metal core, and the cyclic structure facilitates the formation of graphite. In contrast, the acetylacetonate groups intend to combine randomly due to their open-loop structure. Moreover, for open-loop structures such as acetylacetonate groups, metal catalysis also affects the growth trend, of which Ni is more likely to induce the formation of carbon nanotubes relative to Fe. This work can provide a good reference for the synthesis of M@CNPs with controllable morphology.

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Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Discharge Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the underpinning mechanisms of microwave-induced synthesis of carbon-coated metal nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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“…Thus, high Ni concentrations yield aggressive etching, causing discontinuous graphitic carbon regions after carbonization. This phenomenon indicates that biomass graphitization could not be improved by simply increasing the amount of Ni ions(Gai et al, 2021;Zhengshuai Sun, 2022-06-20 ).XRD characterization was conducted to elucidate the carbon structure changes from those of the bulk LCF samples. As shown in Fig.5b, no diffraction peaks were observed for LCF-0 in the entire scan range, indicating that only amorphous carbon was generated without Ni(acac) 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-hybridized graphitic carbon atoms (ZhengshuaiSun, 2022-06-20 ). The integrated area ratio of I D /I G (R) can be calculated to gauge the degree of disorder at the surface structure of the LCFs(Gong et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of graphitized carbon fibers from fusible lignin and their application in supercapacitors

Zhou

You

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) with graphitized structures decorated on their surfaces were successfully prepared using simultaneous catalyst loading and chemical stabilization of melt-spun lignin fibers, followed by quick carbonization functionalized as catalytic graphitization. This technique not only enables surficial graphitized LCF preparation at a relatively low temperature of 1200 °C but also avoids additional treatments used in conventional carbon fiber production. The LCFs were then used as electrode materials in a supercapacitor assembly. Electrochemical measurements confirmed that LCF-0.4, a sample with relatively low specific surface area of 89.9 m2 g−1, exhibited the best electrochemical properties. The supercapacitor with LCF-0.4 had a specific capacitance of 50.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, power density of 644.9 kW kg−1, energy density of 15.7 Wh kg−1, and capacitance retention of 100% after 1500 cycles even without activation.

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Synthesis of oxygen‐rich functional groups biochar for high‐efficiency adsorption of herbicide and as a potential carrier for pH‐responsive slow release

Chen,

Zhu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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To improve the utilization rate of herbicides and reduce their environmental residues, it is urgent to develop a simple and low‐cost method to prepare slow‐release pesticides. In this study, a biochar (280CPFe) with a high surface area and rich oxygen‐containing functional groups was synthesized by low temperature (280°C) boiling strategy, which was used as a carrier to prepare pH‐responsive slow‐release herbicide. The obtained biochar has a high adsorption capacity of 153.59 mg·g−1 for quinclorac (QNC). The release rates of QNC‐280CPFe are 21%, 56%, and 90% at the initial pH of 3, 5, and 11, respectively. The controlled release behavior of QNC‐280CPFe is related to its adsorption mechanism, in which the pore filling and functional group adsorption are mainly responsible for the adsorption of QNC on 280CPFe. Compared with QNC alone, QNC‐280CPFe slow‐release herbicide has a good control effect on Barnyard grass but does not affect the normal growth of rice. Therefore, this study provides a simple, low‐cost cost, and environmentally friendly biochar carrier for preparing slow‐release herbicide, improving its utilization rate and reducing its environmental pollution risk.

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Preparation and formation mechanism of biomass-based graphite carbon catalyzed by iron nitrate under a low-temperature condition

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Study on the underpinning mechanisms of microwave-induced synthesis of carbon-coated metal nanoparticles

Study on the underpinning mechanisms of microwave-induced synthesis of carbon-coated metal nanoparticles

Fabrication of graphitized carbon fibers from fusible lignin and their application in supercapacitors

Synthesis of oxygen‐rich functional groups biochar for high‐efficiency adsorption of herbicide and as a potential carrier for pH‐responsive slow release

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