“…Emission spectra of the pure Gd2Ti2O7:Eu 3+ nanoparticles (sample A) and the V 5+ co-doped Gd2Ti2O7:Eu 3+ nanoparticles (samples B, C, D, and E), ex = 318 nm. [18]. Herein the multiple structure spectra can be attributed to the splitting of the Eu 3+ 4f shell in the crystal-field.…”