Preparation and performance of tannin-glyoxal-urea resin-bonded grinding wheel loaded with SiO2 reinforcing particles

Abstract

In this study, an easily prepared bio-based abrasive grinding wheel based on tannin-glyoxal-urea (TGU) thermosetting matrix is presented.The synthesised resin was prepared via co-polycondensation reaction of glyoxal and ureawith condensed tannin, which is a forest-derived product. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry results confirmed that urea and glyoxal react well under acidic conditions and that -(OH)CH-NH-group is primarily involved in TGU cross-linking. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis investigations showed that the preparation of TGU resin is easier compared to commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin; moreover, TGU resin has a more robust chemical network structure, which contributes efficiently to heat resistance and improved mechanical properties. This observation is supported by Brinell hardness, compression resistance and grinding testing; these showed that the new grinding wheel acquired higher hardness, superior resistance against compression and stronger abrasion resistance compared with a PFbased grinding wheel prepared in the laboratory. Moreover, few holes and no cracks were found in the new grinding wheel.

Morphology, microstructure evolution and properties of resin-bonded palm kernel and coconut shell grain-based abrasive grinding

“…The grinding wheel made from pure PKS of 250 µm grain size exhibited the least wear rate of 0.44 mg/m; i.e., offering the highest wear performance. Better interfacial bond between the grain matrix and the resin may have contributed to the decrease in wear rate with smaller grains by lowering the likelihood of grain pull-out, which can increase the wear rate (Koya & Fono-Tamo, 2013;Olele et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2021). IV.…”

Preparation of apricot kernel shell powder added polyester/calcium carbonate composite discs and investigation of their abrasive properties

“…Abrasive discs can be prepared from natural or synthetic materials, and they are usually prepared by attaching hard and abrasive materials to a binding matrix material. They are frequently produced from materials such as SiC, BC, BN, CeO, zirconia, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silica and corundum [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, today, studies on the preparation of abrasive discs from more sustainable, Apricot kernel shell is suitable filler for abrasive materials with its strong, hard structure and dense cellulose content.…”

“…cheaper and environmentally friendly materials are increasing. Within the scope of these studies, materials such as clay, cellulose fibers, talc, phenol-formaldehyde resin and rubber were tried in the preparation of abrasive discs [19][20][21][22][23]. However, today, studies on the development of optimum abrasive disc materials are increasing, depending on the purpose and place of use.…”

Facile Synthesis of Formaldehyde-Free Bio-Based Thermoset Resins for Fabrication of Highly Efficient Foams

“…Interestingly, furfuryl alcohol, which is mainly extracted from corncob, has a stable furan ring and reactive hydroxymethyl group. It is often used to prepare bio-based materials with high hardness and good thermal performance, such as thermosetting rigid plastic [ 29 ], foams [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], wood adhesives [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], and grinding wheels [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Although the polycondensation of starch and furfuryl alcohol is considered to yield foams with good thermal stability and hardness, the hydroxymethyl group in furfuryl alcohol can react with the adjacent furfuryl alcohol under acidic conditions [ 29 ], so it is easy for it to undergo self-polycondensation under acidic conditions, while it is difficult for it to undergo further crosslinking with starch.…”