Copper-manganese oxides were analyzed by in situ high-temperature powder neutron and X-ray diffraction to investigate their crystal structure. Cu-Mn spinel was found to form a continuous solid solution with cubic symmetry between Mn 3 O 4 and Cu 2 MnO 4 . A high-temperature phase with approximate composition Cu 5 Mn 4 O 9 was shown to have hexagonal symmetry. The cation distribution and lattice parameters of Cu-Mn spinel were resolved through Rietveld refinement of in situ neutron diffraction data. The results demonstrated that the Cu ion has a lower octahedral site preference than manganese ions, and quenching is not a reliable method to determine the equilibrium structure in the system.