Preparation and physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from industrial waste cotton

Thambiraj, S.; Shankaran, Dhesingh Ravi

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.03.272

Cited by 161 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…For raw AW fibers, the onset temperature (Tonset) was observed at 210 °C and the corresponding major maximum temperature (Tmax) was determined at 324 °C, which was attributed to the decomposition of all organic compounds, such as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and pectin, that are presented in raw AW sample [10,12,43]. The same trend was observe for the ATAW sample, showing almost the same Tonset (212 °C) as in case of the AW sample (210 °C).…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Cellulosic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Achaby

Kassab

Aboulkas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

187

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phone (+2126) 620 10 620 Highlights  Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully extracted from red algae waste  CNC exhibit a needle-like shape and a diameter of 5-9 nm, and a length of 289-315 nm  PVA nanocomposite films with different CNC contents were prepared by solvent-casting  Nanocomposites with high mechanical performance and good transparency were obtaine Version postprintComment citer ce document : El Achaby, M., Kassab, Z., Aboulkas, A., Gaillard, C., AbstractRed algae is widely available around the world and its exploitation for the production of agar products has become an important industry in recent years. The industrial processing of red algae generates a large quantity of solid fibrous wastes, which constitutes a source of serious environmental problems. In the present work, the utilization of red algae waste as raw material to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has been investigated, and the ability of the as-isolated CNC to reinforce polymer has been studied. Red algae waste was chemically treated via alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments, in order to obtain pure cellulose microfibers and CNC. The raw waste and the as-extracted cellulosic materials were successively characterized at different stages of treatments using serval analysis techniques. It was found that needle-like shaped CNC were successfully isolated at nanometric scale with diameters and lengths ranged from 5.2 ± 2.9 to 9.1 ± 3.1 nm, and from 285.4 ± 36.5 to 315.7 ± 30.3 nm, respectively, and the crystallinity index ranged from 81 to 87 %, depending on the hydrolysis time (30, 40 and 80 minutes). The as-extracted CNC were used as nanofillers for the production of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanocomposite films with improved thermal and tensile properties, as well as optical transparency. It is shown that the addition of 8 wt % CNC into the PVA matrix increased the Young's modulus by 215 %, the tensile strength by 150 %, and the toughness by 45 %. Additionally, the nanocomposite films maintained the same transparency level of the neat PVA film (transmittance of ∼90% in the visible region), suggesting that the CNC were dispersed at the nanoscale.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Cellulosic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Achaby

Kassab

Aboulkas

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

187

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“…Sulfuric acid is the most typically used as it produces a negative surface charge on the particles which leads to more stable suspension. In general, the hydrolysis process needs the sulfuric acid concentration to be 60-65%, reaction temperature to be [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] ∘ C, and reaction time to be 30-60 min. However, the yield of CNCs is very low (less than 30 wt.%) due to the excessive degradation.…”

Section: Mineral Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

219

128

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The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.

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“…The intensities of these bands were significantly reduced in hydrothermal treated and thermal treated samples, because of the removal of these groups during precarbonization process. Another band at 1628 cm −1 indicates the presence of CO stretching vibration of cellulose rings as well as OH bending vibration . The sharp peak around 1050 cm −1 was absent in thermally treated sample that is indicative of glucopyranose typical of cellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Utilization of waste cotton linter for preparation of activated carbon to be used as catalyst support in aqueous‐phase reforming process

Özsel

Niş

Meryemoğlu

et al. 2018

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Waste cotton linter was evaluated for production of activated carbons (ACs) that can be used as catalyst support in aqueous‐phase reforming (APR) process. Activated carbons were prepared by two different precarbonization methods (thermal and hydrothermal) and two types of chemical activating agents (H3PO4 and KOH). The catalysts prepared by deposition of platinum particles on these carbon materials were evaluated for conversion of glycerol to hydrogen gas by APR. Thermal precarbonization treated LTA and LTB samples had a higher surface area (416.7 and 775.2 m2/g) than hydrothermal precarbonized LHA and LHB samples (395.8 and 627.5 m2/g) regardless type of the activating agent. In general, KOH was more effective activating agent than H3PO4 in creating porosity in the carbon structures derived from cotton linter. The Pt/LHB catalyst (hydrothermal precarbonization‐KOH activation) showed promising catalytic performance with hydrogen selectivity of 76.0% and 99.0% glycerol conversion at same APR conditions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 445–450, 2019

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Preparation and physicochemical characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from industrial waste cotton

Cited by 161 publications

References 68 publications

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Reuse of red algae waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals and its application in polymer nanocomposites

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Utilization of waste cotton linter for preparation of activated carbon to be used as catalyst support in aqueous‐phase reforming process

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