Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. IV. Some Properties of the Polymers<sup>1</sup>

Butler, George B.; Bunch, Robert L.; Ingley, Francis L.

doi:10.1021/ja01130a025

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the work of Parvazinia et al, the AERs were heated up to 120 °C during the pretreatment and to 105 °C during the regeneration . However, quaternary amine-functionalized AERs in hydroxide form are not stable under such high temperatures. , At temperatures higher than 60 °C, the occurring Hofmann degradation of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide group leads to either the loss of strong basic capacity or the loss of total ion exchange capacity. , In contrast, both adsorption and desorption steps are at room temperature in this study. Therefore, no thermal degradation of the resins can occur, and the resins maintain a high CO 2 capture capacity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…28,29 At temperatures higher than 60 °C, the occurring Hofmann degradation of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide group leads to either the loss of strong basic capacity or the loss of total ion exchange capacity. 30,31 In contrast, both adsorption and desorption steps are at room temperature in this study. Therefore, no thermal degradation of the resins can occur, and the resins maintain a high CO 2 capture capacity.…”

Section: Electrochemical Regeneration Of Aersmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Direct Air Capture Using Electrochemically Regenerated Anion Exchange Resins

Shu

Haug

Tedesco³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Direct air capture (DAC) aims to remove CO 2 directly from the atmosphere. In this study, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept of a DAC process combining CO 2 adsorption in a packed bed of amine-functionalized anion exchange resins (AERs) with a pH swing regeneration using an electrochemical cell (EC). The resin bed was regenerated using the alkaline solution produced in the cathodic compartment of the EC, while high purity CO 2 (>95%) was desorbed in the acidifying compartment. After regenerating the AERs, some alkaline solution remained on the surface of the resins and provided additional CO 2 capture capacity during adsorption. The highest CO 2 capture capacity measured was 1.76 mmol·g –1 dry resins. Moreover, as the whole process was operated at room temperature, the resins did not show any apparent degradation after 150 cycles of adsorption–desorption. Furthermore, when the relative humidity of the air source increased from 33 to 84%, the water loss of the process decreased by 63%, while CO 2 capture capacity fell 22%. Finally, although the pressure drop of the adsorption column (5 ± 1 kPa) and the energy consumption of the EC (537 ± 33 kJ·mol –1 at 20 mA·cm –2 ) are high, we have discussed the potential improvements toward a successful upscaling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Electrochemical Regeneration Of Aersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Direct Air Capture Using Electrochemically Regenerated Anion Exchange Resins

Shu

Haug

Tedesco³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Anion-exchange resins from allylammonium salts

Clingman¹,

Parrish²,

Stevenson³

1963

J. Biochem. Toxicol.

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Anion-exchange resins of high capacity have been obtained by the polymerisation of allylarnrnonium chlorides. The exchange rates of different resins have been compared by the measurement of electrical conductivity. IntroductionThe polymerisation of unsaturated quaternary ammonium bromides has been studied by Butler and his co-workersl-ll who found that those monomers which contained three or more :V-ally1 groups per molecule could be converted to insoluble resins. At first, low capacities were r e p~r t e d~-~ for resins of this type. The yield of insoluble polymer from tetra-allylammonium bromide varied from 66 to 87%, and the capacity was only 2 6 6 1 % of the theoretical,s but in a later paper,I0 Butler & Angelo reported that when the capacities were measured by another method, the values were 96-100% of theoretical. The fraction of the theoretical capacity obtained by the original method was then claimed to be a measure of the rate of exchange, although rate experiments reported earlier by Butler et aL5 had shown that equilibrium was reached in 2 min. or less in the titration used for the determination of capacities.In this laboratory a water-soluble monomer was required for the making of paper-based anion-exchange membranes, and the polymerisation of tetra-allylammonium bromide was investigated for this purpose. Contrary to the report of Butler & Bunch,' it was found that aqueous solutions of the monomer could be polymerised with persulphates. Ammonium persulphate was preferred as the initiator, because it is more soluble than potassium persulphate and less volatile than t-butyl hydroperoxide. Because allyl monomers polymerise more sluggishly than

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