Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation<sup>1</sup>

Butler, George B.; Angelo, R. J.

doi:10.1021/ja01569a037

Cited by 324 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…In reference to the literatures (Wandrey et al, 1999; Brain, 1995;Butler and Angelo, 1958;Butler and Bunch, 1949;Negi et al, 1967) as well as our previous works (Zhao et al, 2002;Chang et al, 2000), synthesis of ADA is a key step for producing higher molecular weight polymers of DADMAC (PDADMAC) as a flocculant. In the conventional methods, the yields of ADA at both high temperature and low temperature are too low and reaction time is long so that yield of high-purity DADMAC is lower than 57% and reaction time is longer than 6 h. This problem seriously inhibits the application of higher molecular weight polymer of DADMAC as a highly efficient flocculant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…of dimethylamine determined by a fashion in which thymophthalein was used as an indicator (Butler and Angelo, 1958;Hunter, 1979;Chang et al, 2000). After the 33% aqueous solution of dimethylamine (0.1 mol) was charged into the flask from the filling tube and cooled to 5 1C under ice-water bath and stirring.…”

Section: General Procedures Of Synthesis Of Ada By MI Ui and Conventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

Tian

Zhang

2005

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine (ADA) by selective heating under microwave irradiation (MI) used for water treatment is investigated. The effect of MI, ultrasound irradiation (UI) and conventional heating on yield of ADA, reaction time and the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyl dimethylammunion chloride (PDADMAC) prepared form ADA were studied. The results show that by selective heating at low temperature, MI not only increases yield of ADA and reduces reaction time, but also greatly enhances the flocculation efficiency of PDADMAC. r

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: General Procedures Of Synthesis Of Ada By MI Ui and Conventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

Tian

Zhang

2005

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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“…[24] The low molar masses as reflected by the lower intrinsic viscosities also point toward chain termination process by abstraction of an allylic proton of the monomer to give stable non-propagating allyl radicals. [25] Integration of the relevant carbon signals [26,27] portion to more than 90% leads to the polymer's insolubility in salt-free water.…”

Section: Ir and Nmr Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

A glutamic acid-based polymer keeping intact the integrity of all the three original functionalities of the amino acid

Jamiu

Al‐Muallem

Ali

2016

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Dimethyl glutamate, on treatment with allyl bromide, afforded dimethyl N,N-diallylglutamate which upon alkaline ester hydrolysis followed by acidification with aqueous HCl gave N,N retaining the integrity of all the three functionalities of glutamic acid. Under the influence of pH, the repeating units of triprotic acid (+) in II were equilibrated to those of water-insoluble diprotic polyzwitterionic acid (±) III, water-soluble monoprotic poly(zwitterion-anion) (±−) IV, and its conjugate base polydianion (=) V. The critical salt concentration required to promote water solubility of (±) III has been determined to be 0.548 M NaCl, 0.271 M NaBr, 0.133 M NaI. The basicity constants of the carboxyl groups and trivalent nitrogen in (=) V have been determined. A 5 ppm and 20 ppm concentrations of III are effective in inhibiting the precipitation of CaSO 4 from its supersaturated solution with a ≈100% scale inhibition efficiency at 40 °C for a duration of over 3 and 16 h, respectively.

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“…Preparation of 1,5, In eac h of two quartz tub es was place d 67 g (0.14 m) of CF~C I CFCI(CF2)~I and 28.4 g (0.4 m) of c hlorin e . Th e tubes were s hak e n a nd irradiated with ultraviol e t light from a Han o vi a type L burn e r for 13 h. Th e tubes we re opened and th e excess c hlorin e permitted to esca pe.…”

Section: -130°/20 MM 148mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of fluorodienes

Fearn

1971

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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In a comprehen s ive stud y of th e cycli c, int er intramo lec ular mec hani s m in diene polymerization, a ll of th e co mpl e te ly Au or ina ted di e nes fro m C , to C. have been pre pared with a hi gh degree of purity. Al so pre pared were 4-c hl oro perAu oro-l ,6-hep tadie ne a nd pe rAu oro-l ,ll-dodeca di e ne, th e lall e r inadvf· rt e ntl y. Th e s uc(,ess ful s ynth eses in vo lved. in mos t ca~es. a te lom e rizat ion whi c h uti lized. as th e s ta rtin g m a te ri a l, 1,. l C I, CF,C FCI , or CF ,C F , . From these te lome rs, not only th e di e nes but many ne w interm e diat e co mpound s were pre pared ; th e y we re th e n purifi ed and c ha racterized. Th e c he mi s try of th ese co mpo und s, es pec ially that relat in g to th e ir po lyme ri za tio n, is bri e Ay di sc ussed.Key word s: Cyc li c int e r-intram olec ul a r mec han is m ; di e ne polym e rization; f1uorodi e nes; i nter~ediates; polym e riza ti on ; purity; sy nth es is; te lomerizat ion.

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Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation¹

Cited by 324 publications

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Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

A glutamic acid-based polymer keeping intact the integrity of all the three original functionalities of the amino acid

Synthesis of fluorodienes

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Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation1

Cited by 324 publications

References 0 publications

Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

Low-temperature synthesis of allyl dimethylamine by selective heating under microwave irradiation used for water treatment

A glutamic acid-based polymer keeping intact the integrity of all the three original functionalities of the amino acid

Synthesis of fluorodienes

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Preparation and Polymerization of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. VIII. A Proposed Alternating Intramolecular-Intermolecular Chain Propagation¹