Preparation and properties of carboxylated styrene‐butadiene rubber/flue gas desulfurization ash composites by in situ carboxylate reaction

Abstract

Flue gas desulfurization ash (FGD) is a byproduct of flue gas desulfurization facilities. Its comprehensive utilization has attracted increasing interest. In this work, FGD is used as the reinforcing filler to improve the mechanical properties of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR). The effects of FGD on the curing characteristics, microtopography, and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results indicated that FGD can be uniformly dispersed in XSBR and effectively improve the mechanical properties of XSBR composites. The tensile strength of the XSBR/25FGD composite reaches 14.0 MPa, approximately 19.7% higher than that of pure XSBR. Even if the incorporation of FGD reaches 45 phr, the tensile strength is still higher than that of pure XSBR. The composites obtained a lower rate of thermal degradation than XSBR. The DMA properties of the composites may be improved by the appropriate amount of addition. This work provides a new method for making more effective use of FGD in the polymer field, which has significant economic and environmental benefits.

Mechanical enhancement of epoxidized natural rubber by flue gas desulfurization ash as the sole reinforcing filler

“…These different absorption peaks may result from the hydroxyl groups and the other inorganic components in FGDA. This is consistent with a previous report 23 . The FTIR data suggest that ENR and FGDA interact through hydrogen bonding effects between epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups.…”

“…This observation is in agreement with previous reports. 23 In addition, the intensity of the ENR/FGDA composite dispersion peak decreased, and the peak position gradually changed from 19.5 (unfilled) to 18.8 (15 phr). This suggests that the amorphous structure of FGDA will change when it is mixed with ENR due to the interaction between the hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the surface of FGDA particles.…”

“…This is consistent with a previous report. 23 The FTIR data suggest that ENR and FGDA interact through hydrogen bonding effects between epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups.…”

“…This is consistent with our previous study. 23 The pores of the FGDA surface in the composites were filled with a layer of ENR rubber, which made the FGDA surface smoother. It is similar to the rubber/carbon black system, which further demonstrates the compatibility between FGDA and ENR.…”

“…They found that both FGD gypsum and marble waste improved the weather resistance of composites, and composites with FGD gypsum had better color stability. Zhuang et al 23 investigated the reinforcement of polar carboxy styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) with FGDA as the only reinforcing filler. This study showed that the mechanical characteristics of XSBR composites can be effectively improved when FGDA is homogeneously dispersed in XSBR.…”