Preparation and Properties of Nanocellulose from Organosolv Straw Pulp

Abstract

The object of this work is to present a study of nanocellulose preparation from organosolv straw pulp (OSP) and its properties. OSP was obtained through thermal treatment in the system of isobutyl alcohol–H2O–KOH–hydrazine followed by processing in the mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide for bleaching and removal of residual non-cellulosic components. We have obtained nanocellulose from OSP through acid hydrolysis with lower consumption of sulfuric acid and followed by ultrasound treatment. The structural change and crystallinity degree of OSP and nanocellulose were studied by means of SEM and XRD techniques. It has been established that nanocellulose has a density up to 1.3 g/cm3, transparency up to 70%, crystallinity degree 72.5%. The TEM and AFM methods shown that nanocellulose have diameter of particles in the range from 10 to 40 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that nanocellulose films have more dense structure and smaller mass loss in the temperature range 220–260 °C compared with OSP. The obtained nanocellulose films had high Young’s modulus up to 11.45 GPa and tensile strength up to 42.3 MPa. The properties of obtained nanocellulose from OSP exhibit great potential in its application for the preparation of new nanocomposite materials.

Preparation and Properties of Nanocellulose fromMiscanthus x giganteus

“…At the first stage, treatment of Miscanthus x giganteus in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and 35% hydrogen peroxide in a volume ratio of 70 : 30% at the liquid to solid ratio 10 : 1, at a temperature of 95 ± 2°C for 30-240 min, was carried out. The cooking regime was determined in previous studies [17][18][19].…”

“…The measurements were done with a Si cantilever, operating in the tapping mode on the device Solver Pro M (NT-MDT, Russia). Details of the measurements are described in article [17].…”

“…In our previous works, we described the technology for obtaining nanocellulose from wheat straw [17], flax [18], and kenaf [19] and its properties. In the current work, we describe the conditions for obtaining nanocellulose from Miscanthus x giganteus, which is widely cultivated in Europe and the United States.…”

Hygroscopic, structural, and thermal properties of essential oil microparticles of sweet orange added with cellulose nanofibrils

“…The diameter of the fibers is commonly within the range of 10–100 nm and a length of few micrometers, depending on the disintegration power (Nechyporchuk et al, ; Shak et al, ). Nanocellulose has unique mechanical properties, such as high strength, flexibility, high surface area to volume ratio, and high aspect ratio (fiber length to width ratio), relatively low density, as well as form gel‐like structure in water with shear thinning and thixotropic behavior (Barbash et al, ; Lavoratti, Scienza, & Zattera, ; Szymańska‐Chargot et al, ). Thus, the nanocellulose has microparticle application in order mainly to increase the thermal resistance (Rowe, Tajvidi, & Gardner, ) and to stabilize the emulsions (Mikulcová, Bordes, & Kašpárková, ).…”

Extraction of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals in short processing time from waste newspaper by conventional acid hydrolysis

“…The whiteness index values of raw material and the treated fibers were calculated using (1) and illustrated in figure 2. It was obvious that the obtained CNC had a higher whiteness index of 80%, which was remarkably high for CNC that was obtained from waste newspaper compared with those obtained from natural sources of material with the highest degree of whiteness up to 85% [20,21]. For a preliminary analysis of the morphology of the fibers, their best-focused microscopic image was obtained by using an integrated autofocusing module that was developed on the principle of All-In-Focus algorithm [22].…”