Preparation and properties of polystyrene model colloids

Functionalized Monodisperse Particles with Chloromethyl Groups for the Covalent Coupling of Proteins

“…22 Since optical monitoring of the aggregation is based on the increase of the average size of the aggregates with time, a polydisperse sample would not allow us to distinguish between aggregates and particles.…”

Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization

“…Aqueous phase polymerization can lead to the formation of watersoluble polysoaps that represent a waste of surfmer as they do not necessarily contribute to the stability of the latex [28,109], although these polysoaps can adsorb onto the partice surface and give some kind of stability [110]. In the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate, Urquiola et al [111] found that the amount of water-soluble polysoap increased with both the initiator and surfmer concentrations.…”

“…This can have a deleterious effect on the surfmer performance. Thus, Tsaur and Fitch [28] reported the formation of large amounts of polyelectrolyte in solution when the concentration of anionic surfmer (sodium sulfodecylstyryl ether) was above the CMC. The rates are even higher if the mobility of the surfmer molecules is further reduced, e. g. when they form admicelles [102] (the basic difference between micelles and admicelles is that micelles are subjected to a rapid exchange of surfactant molecules with the medium [103], whereas admicelles are formed by adsorption of the surfactant to a solid surface and are relatively fixed to the solid surface [104] with larger aggregation numbers [105]).…”

“…These reactive surfactants can be a combination of a surfactant and an initiator (inisurf) [14 -19], a combination of a surfactant and a transfer agent (transurf) [20 -25], or a combination of a surfactant and a monomer, referred to as a surfmer [26]. The last have also been referred to in the open literature as polymerizable surfactants [27], polymerizable emulsifiers [16], surface-active monomers [28], monomeric emulsifiers [29], and monomeric surfactants [30]. Some interesting attempts have been made to review the area of reactive surfactants [13, 31 -35].…”

Photoactive Gold Nanoparticle Softoxometalates (Som) Using a Keplerate for Synthesis of Polystyrene Latex Microspheres by Photopolymerization

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] They are cheap and are usually made by a diverse range of methodologies, like emulsion polymerization, seeded emulsion polymerization, emulsifier free copolymerization, precipitation polymerization, dispersion polymerization and so on. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, owing to their ever increasing demand and drive for greener and cheaper printable electronics and allied applications, there is an increasing demand for greener and faster synthetic methodologies for latexes. Questions arise: is it possible to synthesize Latex Microspheres using a fast, facile and green 'zero-VOC'-synthetic route?…”