Preparation and self-assembly of ionic (PNIPAM-co-VIM) microgels and their adsorption property for phosphate ions

Abstract

The ionic P(NIPAM-co-VIM) microgels were prepared by a two-step method, and used as functional coating on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor for the detection of trace phosphate ions in water.

[M8L4]8+-Type Squares Self-Assembled by Dipalladium Corners and Bridging Aromatic Dipyrazole Ligands for Iodine Capture

“…The extensively developed metal-directed self-assembly has evolved as an elegant and efficient strategy for the controllable bottom-up construction of well-defined supramolecular architectures, − which are based on various noncovalent bonds, such as van der Waals, coordination, electrostatic, hydrogen, and halogen bonds. − More recently, functional supramolecular assemblies have played critical roles in catalysis, biological simulations, molecular recognition, host–guest encapsulation, anion sensing, and functional materials because of their structural diversity and excellent physical properties. − So far, all of these supramolecular assembled structures have been exquisitely designed since the 1990s for metal–organic/organometallic square macrocycles (“molecular squares”). ,− Recently, there has been strong interest in the design and function of molecular squares, − and they are widely used in various fields, such as catalysis, luminescence, and anticancer therapy due to the interesting physical and chemical properties of these architectures. − Among multidentate N-donor ligands, pyrazole ligands are often used in the self-assembly of polynuclear pyrazole-bridged ring structures with metal nodes via directional metal–ligand interactions. , In our previous studies, functional square-like metallamacrocycles were prepared via a directed self-assembly approach that exploited metal–ligand and metal–metal bonding interactions. − These macrocyclic metal assemblies have displayed attr...…”

Exploring microgel adsorption: synthesis, classification, and pollutant removal dynamics

“…Some other pollutants such as uranium, 86 phosphate, 37 dichromate, arsenate, 87 and permanganate 88 ions, as well as various aromatic compounds such as bisphenols (bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol A (BPA)), 89 anthocyanins, 90 naphthalene and 1-naphthylamine, 91 and surfactants 92 can be effectively eliminated from aqueous solutions using different types of microgel adsorbents. Hydrogen, 93 methane, 83 and iodine 94 can also be separated by microgels through adsorption.…”

“…Thus, the microgel adsorbed the maximum number of cationic pollutants due to its anionic structure and swelling state. Yang et al 37 reported the adsorption capacity of a cationic microgel system. Kyrey et al 107 and Naseem et al 81 also reported the preparation of microgels with and without comonomers, respectively, and their use as adsorbents for the removal of toxic pollutants.…”

“…They obtained a VPTT of 32 °C for the synthesized microgels. To increase this value, Yang et al 37 synthesized a microgel system, in which 1-vinyl imidazole (VIDa) was used as the comonomer together with NIPr monomer. After the addition of this comonomer, the VPTT value of the microgels shifted from 32 °C to 37.5 °C, which is equal to the human body temperature.…”

“…In essence, the capacity of microgels to adsorb pollutants becomes restricted when all their available binding sites are already engaged. Yang et al 37 investigated the effect of phosphate content on the adsorption capacity of microgels. They increased the content of phosphate ions from 0 mg mL −1 to 0.3 mg mL −1 , and observed that the adsorption capacity of the microgels increased with an increase in the content of phosphate ions.…”