Preparation and thermal properties of bio‐based gallic acid epoxy/carbon nanotubes composites by cationic ring‐opening reaction

Hou, Guixiang; Li, Na; Han, Hongzhe; Run, Mingtao; Gao, Jungang

doi:10.1002/pc.23507

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, more attention has been paid to the development of bio-based epoxy resins. The bio-based epoxy resins that are widely studied and applied at present are mainly vegetable oils [ 8 , 9 ], such as soybean oil and hemp oil; lignin [ 10 , 11 ]; and other bio-based compounds that can be reacted with epoxy hydroxypropyl, such as rosin acid [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], cardanol [ 15 , 16 ], furan derivatives [ 17 ], gallic acid [ 18 , 19 ], isosorbide [ 20 ], itaconic acid [ 21 ], and other small molecules [ 22 ]. In recent years, scientists have developed bio-based feedstocks for epoxy resins, which resulted in a series of bio-based epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Sourced, High-Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Itaconic Acid-Based Epoxy Composites with High Hygrothermal Stability and Durability

Xiao,

Fang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Thermosetting polymers and composites are a class of high-performance materials with significant industrial applications. However, the widespread use of thermosets and their composites generates large quantities of waste and leads to serious economic and environmental problems, there is a critical need in the elaboration of sustainable composite materials. Here, we propose a method to prepare sustainable carbon fiber reinforced composites with different degrees of greenness by blending environmentally friendly EIA with DGEBA in different ratios, and the properties compared with a well-known commercial petroleum-based epoxy resin. The prepared carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with different degrees of greenness had excellent dimensional stability under extreme hygrothermal aging. After aging, the green CFRP composite T700/EIA-30 has higher strength and performance retention than that of petroleum-based CFRP composites. The higher hygrothermal stability and durability of EIA-based epoxy resins as compared with BPA-based epoxy resins demonstrated significant evidence to design and develop a novel bio-based epoxy resin with high performance to substitute the petroleum-based epoxy resin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Sourced, High-Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Itaconic Acid-Based Epoxy Composites with High Hygrothermal Stability and Durability

Xiao,

Fang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…Tarzia et al 15 synthesized glycidol ethers (GEGA) of gallic acid by two-step method and analyzed the curing mechanism of three amine curing agents. In our previous studies, 16,17 gallic acid reacted with excessive epichlorohydrin to form a polyphenolic epoxy resin (GAER), which was used as a matrix to prepare highperformance nanocomposites. The research results indicate that the GAER structure contains multiple epoxy functional groups and has good mechanical and thermal properties after curing, making it a good matrix choice for composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of HNTs‐e‐POSS hybrid nanoparticles and modification of gallic acid epoxy resin

Wang,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Gallic acid is a renewable plant phenolic resource, and the polyphenolic bio‐based epoxy resin prepared from it can be used as a substitute for bisphenol A epoxy resin in certain fields. However, bio‐based epoxy resins used in the field of high‐performance composite material matrices often require modification. In this paper, firstly, γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) was used as the raw material to prepare epoxy‐based cage silsesquioxanes (E‐POSS). Then, E‐POSS was grafted onto γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modified halloysite nanotubes (m‐HNTs) to prepare a novel hybrid nanoparticle HNTs‐e‐POSS. Experimental analysis shows that ring opening reactions of amino and epoxy groups can occur between m‐HNTs and E‐POSS, forming a hybrid nanoparticle system of POSS aggregates on the surface of HNTs. Bio‐based nanocomposites were prepared by adding different mass fractions of hybrid nanoparticles HNTs‐e‐POSS into polyphenol type gallic acid epoxy resin matrix (GAER) and using methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent. The properties and micromorphology of the composite were analyzed and characterized. The research showed that with the addition of HNTs‐e‐POSS nanoparticles, the strength and toughness of the composite resin system show a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing, while the storage modulus(E′), glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermal stability of the composite material increased. Mechanical performance analysis shows that the introduction of 0.5 wt% HNTs‐e‐POSS would increase the tensile strength of the composite by 25.46%, while adding 0.75 wt% HNTs‐e‐POSS can increase the impact strength by 15%. The E′(30°C) increased by 24.2% and Tg increased by 7.7°C when the HNTs‐e‐POSS addition was 0.25 wt%.Highlights Prepared hybrid nanoparticle HNTs‐e‐POSS by grafting POSS onto the HNTs surface. Application of HNTs‐e‐POSS in modification of bio‐based gallic acid epoxy resin. HNTs‐e‐POSS can co‐cured with epoxy matrix to increase the crosslinking degree. The strength, toughness, and modulus of gallic acid epoxy resin are improved. Tg and thermal stability of gallic acid epoxy resin are enhanced.

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“…Moreover, the attempts to chemically transform biomass-based compounds have resulted in multi-glycidyl epoxy compounds which are derived from cardanol [16][17][18], eugenol [19], resveratrol [20], rosin [21] etc. Bio-based epoxy resins produced by glycidylation of gallic acid have been studied [22] and also were used in the preparation of composites [23,24]. Gallic acid can be obtained from polyphenolic and hydrolyzable tannins which are found in several plants [22,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Fiber Composite with α-Resorcylic Acid Based Bio-Epoxy Matrix

Barde¹,

Auad²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

ujms

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Comprised of biopolymer matrix and/or bio-fiber reinforcement, bio-composites are environmentally friendly, lightweight, sustainable, and normally biodegradable. Their unique characteristics have enabled them an alternative material for replacing conventional metallic materials and other composites such as glass fiber reinforced composites. This work is focused on developing and characterizing a novel bio-composite that combines a natural fiber reinforcement with a unique α-resorcylic acid-based epoxy bio-resin. Kenaf fiber mats are impregnated with the epoxy bio-resin and compression molded into a bio-composite. Thermal properties of the bio-composite are characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Indentation testing in a micro-scale is conducted on the bio-resin matrix and the fiber cross sections. The elastic modulus of the fiber transverse cross section is found to be 7.8 GPa, higher than that of the bio-epoxy resin, 4.3 GPa. Furthermore, the tension performance of the bio-composite is evaluated and compared with that of a conventional epoxy composite with similar kenaf fiber percentage. The bio-epoxy composite has comparable tensile modulus and strength with the conventional epoxy composite. Finally, the fracture surface of the tested samples is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and different failure modes, such as fiber fracture, fiber pullout, fiber defibrillation, and matrix fracture, are observed. It is concluded that this novel bio-composite has a great potential to replace conventional epoxy resin based composite for semi-structural applications.

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Preparation and thermal properties of bio‐based gallic acid epoxy/carbon nanotubes composites by cationic ring‐opening reaction

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Bio-Sourced, High-Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Itaconic Acid-Based Epoxy Composites with High Hygrothermal Stability and Durability

Bio-Sourced, High-Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Itaconic Acid-Based Epoxy Composites with High Hygrothermal Stability and Durability

Preparation of HNTs‐e‐POSS hybrid nanoparticles and modification of gallic acid epoxy resin

Natural Fiber Composite with α-Resorcylic Acid Based Bio-Epoxy Matrix

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